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Please help, I can't figure out the equation to solve a real-world problem.

Here is the case: Each employee can pick up the customer if he/she comes to store first (first come first serve). If he/she make >=12 dollars more than other employees, then rotate to next employee that comes after. If he/she makes < 12 dollars, then continue picking up the next customer.

Come to store:   -----1st  -----    2nd  ----  3rd   ------     4th    -----    5th   ----     6th   ---   7th 



Employee name: Apple  --  Bear  --  Conny  --    Donny  --    Elvis   --   Fell     -- Gith



Total $: ---------------33   -----    28   -------     20   -------      23  -------      22   ----     15  ----      2



Who turns next?   

It should be: -------- 2nd   ---    3rd  ------    4th    ------     5th  ------    6th ----      7th    -   1st                                               

As you can see, It is Gith turn to pick up the next customer, Gith only made 2 dollars, the difference is >=12 dollars between Gith and other employees.
It is Apple turn after Gith even though Apple made more than Fell >=12 dollars, but because other employees in between like Conny Donny Elvis who doesn't make >=12 dollars more than Fell, so it is Apple turn.

How can I come up with an equation that could solve this situation?

Here is one answer. Fill in C4,D4,E4,F4,G4,H4,I4 with the following to know if you should skip them: (C3 at the start should be the cell right above, ie D4,E4 etc..)

=IF(C3>(LARGE($C3:$I3,2)+12),"skip","")

Then fill in C5 with the following to know if someone is jumping out of order:

=IF(SMALL(C3:I3,1)<(SMALL(C3:I3,2)-12),INDIRECT(ADDRESS(2,2+(MATCH(SMALL(C3:I3,1),C3:I3,0)))),"Next non-skip")

What we don't know: Who served someone last?

Edit: return name of person jumping out of order rather than dollar amount.

Following your shared table..

Fill in there labels :

B6  ---->  currentNo :

B7  ---->  nextNo :

B9  ---->  Next Name :

Then these formulas :

C6  ---->  =MATCH(C2,{"Apple","Bear","Conny","Donny","Elvis","Fell","Gith"},0)

C7  ---->  =IF(C3>=12,IF((C6+1)=8,1,C6+1),C6)

C9  ---->  =INDEX({"Apple","Bear","Conny","Donny","Elvis","Fell","Gith"},C7)

D2  ---->  =C9

Then drag all right-wards.

Done. Hope it helps. ( :