Have “choir” and “deer” ever rhymed?












47















It’s that time of year when the dodgy rhymes of Christmas carols abound, but I find the chorus of "The Holly and the Ivy" particularly intriguing.




The rising of the sun



And the running of the deer,



The playing of the merry organ,



Sweet singing in the choir.




Wikipedia provides all the lyrics. First and third lines of each verse rhyme in sound in some cases and spelling in others. So what am I missing in the chorus? "The running of the deer" seems a fairly ad hoc choice, and could, presumably, be substituted with a better rhyme. "Choir" has many rhyming options.



Is there a special symbolic meaning behind the running deer? Is there any evidence for a rhyme in the past? Or is there another animal that rhymes with "choir" that I can happily substitute?










share|improve this question




















  • 4





    It just doesn't rhyme. There is a verse of "God Rest Ye Merry Gentleman" where they match up "wind", as in the meteorological phenomenon and "mind": "3. The shepherds at those tidings/Rejoiced much in mind,/And left their flocks a-feeding/In tempest, storm and wind," Go figure...

    – Kristina Lopez
    Dec 19 '18 at 22:43






  • 5





    It doesn't scan, either. It's a folk song, not a poem.

    – Michael Harvey
    Dec 19 '18 at 22:45






  • 4





    @KristinaLopez Shakespeare thought "wind" rhymed with "unkind" (As You Like It, act II scene 7) - the same as your carol.

    – alephzero
    Dec 20 '18 at 9:51






  • 5





    The carol also rhymes "grown" and "crown" in the first verse, today an eye-rhyme but possibly previously an ear-rhyme.

    – Luke Sawczak
    Dec 20 '18 at 17:14






  • 3





    Tyger Tyger, burning bright, In the forests of the night; What immortal hand or eye, Could frame thy fearful symmetry?

    – Hot Licks
    Dec 21 '18 at 21:42
















47















It’s that time of year when the dodgy rhymes of Christmas carols abound, but I find the chorus of "The Holly and the Ivy" particularly intriguing.




The rising of the sun



And the running of the deer,



The playing of the merry organ,



Sweet singing in the choir.




Wikipedia provides all the lyrics. First and third lines of each verse rhyme in sound in some cases and spelling in others. So what am I missing in the chorus? "The running of the deer" seems a fairly ad hoc choice, and could, presumably, be substituted with a better rhyme. "Choir" has many rhyming options.



Is there a special symbolic meaning behind the running deer? Is there any evidence for a rhyme in the past? Or is there another animal that rhymes with "choir" that I can happily substitute?










share|improve this question




















  • 4





    It just doesn't rhyme. There is a verse of "God Rest Ye Merry Gentleman" where they match up "wind", as in the meteorological phenomenon and "mind": "3. The shepherds at those tidings/Rejoiced much in mind,/And left their flocks a-feeding/In tempest, storm and wind," Go figure...

    – Kristina Lopez
    Dec 19 '18 at 22:43






  • 5





    It doesn't scan, either. It's a folk song, not a poem.

    – Michael Harvey
    Dec 19 '18 at 22:45






  • 4





    @KristinaLopez Shakespeare thought "wind" rhymed with "unkind" (As You Like It, act II scene 7) - the same as your carol.

    – alephzero
    Dec 20 '18 at 9:51






  • 5





    The carol also rhymes "grown" and "crown" in the first verse, today an eye-rhyme but possibly previously an ear-rhyme.

    – Luke Sawczak
    Dec 20 '18 at 17:14






  • 3





    Tyger Tyger, burning bright, In the forests of the night; What immortal hand or eye, Could frame thy fearful symmetry?

    – Hot Licks
    Dec 21 '18 at 21:42














47












47








47


5






It’s that time of year when the dodgy rhymes of Christmas carols abound, but I find the chorus of "The Holly and the Ivy" particularly intriguing.




The rising of the sun



And the running of the deer,



The playing of the merry organ,



Sweet singing in the choir.




Wikipedia provides all the lyrics. First and third lines of each verse rhyme in sound in some cases and spelling in others. So what am I missing in the chorus? "The running of the deer" seems a fairly ad hoc choice, and could, presumably, be substituted with a better rhyme. "Choir" has many rhyming options.



Is there a special symbolic meaning behind the running deer? Is there any evidence for a rhyme in the past? Or is there another animal that rhymes with "choir" that I can happily substitute?










share|improve this question
















It’s that time of year when the dodgy rhymes of Christmas carols abound, but I find the chorus of "The Holly and the Ivy" particularly intriguing.




The rising of the sun



And the running of the deer,



The playing of the merry organ,



Sweet singing in the choir.




Wikipedia provides all the lyrics. First and third lines of each verse rhyme in sound in some cases and spelling in others. So what am I missing in the chorus? "The running of the deer" seems a fairly ad hoc choice, and could, presumably, be substituted with a better rhyme. "Choir" has many rhyming options.



Is there a special symbolic meaning behind the running deer? Is there any evidence for a rhyme in the past? Or is there another animal that rhymes with "choir" that I can happily substitute?







pronunciation history rhymes






share|improve this question















share|improve this question













share|improve this question




share|improve this question








edited Dec 20 '18 at 16:30









Laurel

31.9k660113




31.9k660113










asked Dec 19 '18 at 22:06









PamPam

3,6471627




3,6471627








  • 4





    It just doesn't rhyme. There is a verse of "God Rest Ye Merry Gentleman" where they match up "wind", as in the meteorological phenomenon and "mind": "3. The shepherds at those tidings/Rejoiced much in mind,/And left their flocks a-feeding/In tempest, storm and wind," Go figure...

    – Kristina Lopez
    Dec 19 '18 at 22:43






  • 5





    It doesn't scan, either. It's a folk song, not a poem.

    – Michael Harvey
    Dec 19 '18 at 22:45






  • 4





    @KristinaLopez Shakespeare thought "wind" rhymed with "unkind" (As You Like It, act II scene 7) - the same as your carol.

    – alephzero
    Dec 20 '18 at 9:51






  • 5





    The carol also rhymes "grown" and "crown" in the first verse, today an eye-rhyme but possibly previously an ear-rhyme.

    – Luke Sawczak
    Dec 20 '18 at 17:14






  • 3





    Tyger Tyger, burning bright, In the forests of the night; What immortal hand or eye, Could frame thy fearful symmetry?

    – Hot Licks
    Dec 21 '18 at 21:42














  • 4





    It just doesn't rhyme. There is a verse of "God Rest Ye Merry Gentleman" where they match up "wind", as in the meteorological phenomenon and "mind": "3. The shepherds at those tidings/Rejoiced much in mind,/And left their flocks a-feeding/In tempest, storm and wind," Go figure...

    – Kristina Lopez
    Dec 19 '18 at 22:43






  • 5





    It doesn't scan, either. It's a folk song, not a poem.

    – Michael Harvey
    Dec 19 '18 at 22:45






  • 4





    @KristinaLopez Shakespeare thought "wind" rhymed with "unkind" (As You Like It, act II scene 7) - the same as your carol.

    – alephzero
    Dec 20 '18 at 9:51






  • 5





    The carol also rhymes "grown" and "crown" in the first verse, today an eye-rhyme but possibly previously an ear-rhyme.

    – Luke Sawczak
    Dec 20 '18 at 17:14






  • 3





    Tyger Tyger, burning bright, In the forests of the night; What immortal hand or eye, Could frame thy fearful symmetry?

    – Hot Licks
    Dec 21 '18 at 21:42








4




4





It just doesn't rhyme. There is a verse of "God Rest Ye Merry Gentleman" where they match up "wind", as in the meteorological phenomenon and "mind": "3. The shepherds at those tidings/Rejoiced much in mind,/And left their flocks a-feeding/In tempest, storm and wind," Go figure...

– Kristina Lopez
Dec 19 '18 at 22:43





It just doesn't rhyme. There is a verse of "God Rest Ye Merry Gentleman" where they match up "wind", as in the meteorological phenomenon and "mind": "3. The shepherds at those tidings/Rejoiced much in mind,/And left their flocks a-feeding/In tempest, storm and wind," Go figure...

– Kristina Lopez
Dec 19 '18 at 22:43




5




5





It doesn't scan, either. It's a folk song, not a poem.

– Michael Harvey
Dec 19 '18 at 22:45





It doesn't scan, either. It's a folk song, not a poem.

– Michael Harvey
Dec 19 '18 at 22:45




4




4





@KristinaLopez Shakespeare thought "wind" rhymed with "unkind" (As You Like It, act II scene 7) - the same as your carol.

– alephzero
Dec 20 '18 at 9:51





@KristinaLopez Shakespeare thought "wind" rhymed with "unkind" (As You Like It, act II scene 7) - the same as your carol.

– alephzero
Dec 20 '18 at 9:51




5




5





The carol also rhymes "grown" and "crown" in the first verse, today an eye-rhyme but possibly previously an ear-rhyme.

– Luke Sawczak
Dec 20 '18 at 17:14





The carol also rhymes "grown" and "crown" in the first verse, today an eye-rhyme but possibly previously an ear-rhyme.

– Luke Sawczak
Dec 20 '18 at 17:14




3




3





Tyger Tyger, burning bright, In the forests of the night; What immortal hand or eye, Could frame thy fearful symmetry?

– Hot Licks
Dec 21 '18 at 21:42





Tyger Tyger, burning bright, In the forests of the night; What immortal hand or eye, Could frame thy fearful symmetry?

– Hot Licks
Dec 21 '18 at 21:42










5 Answers
5






active

oldest

votes


















71














Yes, the two words would have been pronounced with the same rhyme at around 1400 A.D.



The word deer is of Germanic origin (cf. German Tier). It was pronounced with a long, mid-high e-sound until the Great Vowel Shift raised the sound to a long, high i-sound, c. 1500.



[deːr] (pre-1500)
> [diːr] (Great Vowel Shift, after c. 1500)


The word choir is a, probably late twelfth century, borrowing from Old French. Originally pronounced with a French rounded front vowel, as evidenced by frequent spellings with oe, (1), the word was adapted to English pronunciation and hence pronounced with a long, mid-high e-sound, just as deer. This is suggested by common spellings with double-e, (2), and rhymes with words that definitenly had a long e vowel, (3).




(1) Tuelf other freres of the queor (c. 1300, St. Brendan)








(2) to governe þe queere (c. 1387, John Trevisa, Higden's Polychronicon)








(3) qweer : here : autere ('choir' : 'here' : 'altar') (c. 1440, John Capgrave's Life of Saint Norbert)




[kwøːr] (c. 1300)
> [kweːr] (c. 1400)


At some time before the onset of the Great Vowel Shift, the vowel in choir must have been raised from long e to i. The change is irregular and affected only a small number of words. The OED points out that the development "goes exactly with that of brere and frere to brier, friar." The spelling reflects this change as the word is frequently written with i, ie y, ye etc. from c. 1500 on, (4). The Great Vowel Shift, I would assume, then diphthongized the vowel, yielding more or less the modern pronunciation of the word. (The modern spelling with ch and oi is a later attempt at historicizing the word.)




(4) the whole quier (1553, Wilson's Arte of Rhetorique)




[kweːr] (c. 1400)
> [kwiːr] (irregular raising, pre-1500)
> [kwaɪr] (Great Vowel Shift, after c. 1500)


Hence, if the carol "The Holly and the Ivy" originates from Middle English, c. 1400, it originally featured perfect rhymes of deer and choir in [eː]. If it was written at the earliest stages of Early Modern English, c. 1500, it may have featured imperfect rhymes in [eː] and [iː]. If composed later, there were no ryhmes that would commonly feature in English poetry, [iː] and [aɪ].



It is not uncommon for traditional songs and fairy tales to be recorded substantially later than their original composition. Hence, the earliest known publication of the carol, c. 1710, does not offer evidence that the carol must have originated from that time as well. A closer examination of the lyrics may shed more light on when the carol was written. I looked at the text superficially and the archaic vocabulary and imagery of holly as Christ seem to me to be indeed compatible with an early date of composition.






share|improve this answer


























  • To what extent does the later shift (and continuing vowel differences) in the midlands change your date of 1400AD?

    – Pete Kirkham
    Dec 20 '18 at 12:28











  • Well, you're quite right to point out the importance of dialects here. However, it would be quite time-consuming to trace potential dialectal differences in the pronunciation of "deer" and "choir". The time "1400" is of course only approximate.

    – Richard Z
    Dec 20 '18 at 13:26






  • 3





    As modern English speaker, “long e” to me signifies precisely the sound produced by the ee in the modern pronunciation of deer, which you label “long i,” if I understand correctly (as opposed to the sound of the word I). My knowledge of other languages is sufficient to know that this “ee” sound is the long i sound in most languages, but that leaves me wondering—what is the long e sound? A modern-English example of that sound might improve this answer.

    – KRyan
    Dec 22 '18 at 17:11








  • 7





    @KRyan The long e sound (IPA /eː/) does not exist in English, which is why it’s always a bit of a bother to talk about it in Modern English. It’s the sound found in German See (‘sea’), or a longer version of French é.

    – Janus Bahs Jacquet
    Dec 22 '18 at 17:28



















19














Here is the entry for choir from our friends at Etymology Online:




choir (n.)



c. 1300, queor "part of the church where the choir sings," from Old French cuer, quer "(architectural) choir of a church; chorus of singers" (13c., Modern French choeur), from Latin chorus "choir" (see chorus). Meaning "band of singers" in English is from c. 1400, quyre. Re-spelled mid-17c. in an attempt to match classical forms, but the pronunciation has not changed.




Etymonline explicitly states that the shift in spelling from quyre to choir in the middle 1600s did not reflect a change in pronunciation, but it seems fair to ask whether there might not have been a shift in pronunciation between queor in 1300 and quyre in 1400, or a shift in pronunciation of quyre itself (with no change in spelling) between 1400 and the mid-1600s.



Nevertheless, these possibilities are moot if the song is not significantly more than 300 years old. According to the Wikipedia article on "The Holly and the Ivy," there is no firm evidence to push the date of the lyrics back before about 1711:




The words of the carol were included in Sylvester's 1861 collection A Garland of Christmas Carols where it is claimed to originate from "an old broadside, printed a century and a half since" [i.e. around 1711]: Husk's 1864 Songs of the Nativity also includes the carol, stating:




This carol appears to have nearly escaped the notice of collectors, as it has been reprinted by one alone, who states his copy to have been taken from "an old broadside, printed a century and a half since," i.e. about 1710. It is still retained on the broadsides printed at Birmingham.





As for the reference to "the running of the deer," a webpage dedicated to "Yule Songs" at the Proto-Indo-European Religion website has this comment:




The "running of the deer" in this song refers to the custom of going hunting in the forest on the day after the long night of the Winter Solstice. By Victorian times this had turned into a tradition of blasting away with a shotgun at as many birds as possible, including song birds, which were brought home and baked in meat pies. This became unacceptable and the tradition is now to participate in a Christmas Bird Count of which there are many organized versions.




I'm not sure what to make of the claimed lineage of Christmas bird counts, but the tradition of winter solstice hunting, if true, would explain why the lyricist associated "the running of the deer" with Christmas.






share|improve this answer





















  • 1





    In short, a no to "Is there any evidence for a rhyme in the past?" So it doesn't answer the Q at hand.

    – Kris
    Dec 20 '18 at 7:14











  • "The Boxing Day Shoot" is a tradition that is alive and well in Britain today. Prince Harry is apparently planning not to attend the shoot at Sandringham this year because his wife doesn't approve.

    – Martin Bonner
    Dec 20 '18 at 15:29



















12














It's what's called a half-rhyme. Quoth Wikipedia:




Half rhyme or imperfect rhyme, sometimes called near-rhyme, lazy rhyme, or slant rhyme, is a type of rhyme formed by words with similar but not identical sounds. In most instances, either the vowel segments are different while the consonants are identical, or vice versa. This type of rhyme is also called approximate rhyme, inexact rhyme, imperfect rhyme (in contrast to perfect rhyme), off rhyme, analyzed rhyme, suspended rhyme, or sprung rhyme.




Wikipedia: Perfect and Imperfect Rhyme



Such rhymes often turn on the last consonant sound. The poems of Emily Dickinson contain numerous examples. (See "A Narrow Fellow in the grass," noting that the second and fourth lines in each stanza are half-rhymes.)



EL&U has a number of similar answers, albeit to differently framed questions.






share|improve this answer





















  • 3





    Not sure I agree - the two words, in their current pronunciation, seem too "far" to be considered a half rhyme.

    – microenzo
    Dec 21 '18 at 10:00



















0














To the symbolism: A deer's antlers fall off an regrow each season, which is a symbol of regeneration. As is the rising of the sun. I suppose you could substitute something about a phoenix and keep the meaning.






share|improve this answer































    -2














    In poetry it is called an eye rhyme, visual rhyme, or sight rhyme, so may never have been intended to rhyme when spoken:
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eye_rhyme






    share|improve this answer



















    • 5





      With modern spelling, at least, "choir" and "deer" are not an eye rhyme.

      – sumelic
      Dec 21 '18 at 14:54











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    5 Answers
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    71














    Yes, the two words would have been pronounced with the same rhyme at around 1400 A.D.



    The word deer is of Germanic origin (cf. German Tier). It was pronounced with a long, mid-high e-sound until the Great Vowel Shift raised the sound to a long, high i-sound, c. 1500.



    [deːr] (pre-1500)
    > [diːr] (Great Vowel Shift, after c. 1500)


    The word choir is a, probably late twelfth century, borrowing from Old French. Originally pronounced with a French rounded front vowel, as evidenced by frequent spellings with oe, (1), the word was adapted to English pronunciation and hence pronounced with a long, mid-high e-sound, just as deer. This is suggested by common spellings with double-e, (2), and rhymes with words that definitenly had a long e vowel, (3).




    (1) Tuelf other freres of the queor (c. 1300, St. Brendan)








    (2) to governe þe queere (c. 1387, John Trevisa, Higden's Polychronicon)








    (3) qweer : here : autere ('choir' : 'here' : 'altar') (c. 1440, John Capgrave's Life of Saint Norbert)




    [kwøːr] (c. 1300)
    > [kweːr] (c. 1400)


    At some time before the onset of the Great Vowel Shift, the vowel in choir must have been raised from long e to i. The change is irregular and affected only a small number of words. The OED points out that the development "goes exactly with that of brere and frere to brier, friar." The spelling reflects this change as the word is frequently written with i, ie y, ye etc. from c. 1500 on, (4). The Great Vowel Shift, I would assume, then diphthongized the vowel, yielding more or less the modern pronunciation of the word. (The modern spelling with ch and oi is a later attempt at historicizing the word.)




    (4) the whole quier (1553, Wilson's Arte of Rhetorique)




    [kweːr] (c. 1400)
    > [kwiːr] (irregular raising, pre-1500)
    > [kwaɪr] (Great Vowel Shift, after c. 1500)


    Hence, if the carol "The Holly and the Ivy" originates from Middle English, c. 1400, it originally featured perfect rhymes of deer and choir in [eː]. If it was written at the earliest stages of Early Modern English, c. 1500, it may have featured imperfect rhymes in [eː] and [iː]. If composed later, there were no ryhmes that would commonly feature in English poetry, [iː] and [aɪ].



    It is not uncommon for traditional songs and fairy tales to be recorded substantially later than their original composition. Hence, the earliest known publication of the carol, c. 1710, does not offer evidence that the carol must have originated from that time as well. A closer examination of the lyrics may shed more light on when the carol was written. I looked at the text superficially and the archaic vocabulary and imagery of holly as Christ seem to me to be indeed compatible with an early date of composition.






    share|improve this answer


























    • To what extent does the later shift (and continuing vowel differences) in the midlands change your date of 1400AD?

      – Pete Kirkham
      Dec 20 '18 at 12:28











    • Well, you're quite right to point out the importance of dialects here. However, it would be quite time-consuming to trace potential dialectal differences in the pronunciation of "deer" and "choir". The time "1400" is of course only approximate.

      – Richard Z
      Dec 20 '18 at 13:26






    • 3





      As modern English speaker, “long e” to me signifies precisely the sound produced by the ee in the modern pronunciation of deer, which you label “long i,” if I understand correctly (as opposed to the sound of the word I). My knowledge of other languages is sufficient to know that this “ee” sound is the long i sound in most languages, but that leaves me wondering—what is the long e sound? A modern-English example of that sound might improve this answer.

      – KRyan
      Dec 22 '18 at 17:11








    • 7





      @KRyan The long e sound (IPA /eː/) does not exist in English, which is why it’s always a bit of a bother to talk about it in Modern English. It’s the sound found in German See (‘sea’), or a longer version of French é.

      – Janus Bahs Jacquet
      Dec 22 '18 at 17:28
















    71














    Yes, the two words would have been pronounced with the same rhyme at around 1400 A.D.



    The word deer is of Germanic origin (cf. German Tier). It was pronounced with a long, mid-high e-sound until the Great Vowel Shift raised the sound to a long, high i-sound, c. 1500.



    [deːr] (pre-1500)
    > [diːr] (Great Vowel Shift, after c. 1500)


    The word choir is a, probably late twelfth century, borrowing from Old French. Originally pronounced with a French rounded front vowel, as evidenced by frequent spellings with oe, (1), the word was adapted to English pronunciation and hence pronounced with a long, mid-high e-sound, just as deer. This is suggested by common spellings with double-e, (2), and rhymes with words that definitenly had a long e vowel, (3).




    (1) Tuelf other freres of the queor (c. 1300, St. Brendan)








    (2) to governe þe queere (c. 1387, John Trevisa, Higden's Polychronicon)








    (3) qweer : here : autere ('choir' : 'here' : 'altar') (c. 1440, John Capgrave's Life of Saint Norbert)




    [kwøːr] (c. 1300)
    > [kweːr] (c. 1400)


    At some time before the onset of the Great Vowel Shift, the vowel in choir must have been raised from long e to i. The change is irregular and affected only a small number of words. The OED points out that the development "goes exactly with that of brere and frere to brier, friar." The spelling reflects this change as the word is frequently written with i, ie y, ye etc. from c. 1500 on, (4). The Great Vowel Shift, I would assume, then diphthongized the vowel, yielding more or less the modern pronunciation of the word. (The modern spelling with ch and oi is a later attempt at historicizing the word.)




    (4) the whole quier (1553, Wilson's Arte of Rhetorique)




    [kweːr] (c. 1400)
    > [kwiːr] (irregular raising, pre-1500)
    > [kwaɪr] (Great Vowel Shift, after c. 1500)


    Hence, if the carol "The Holly and the Ivy" originates from Middle English, c. 1400, it originally featured perfect rhymes of deer and choir in [eː]. If it was written at the earliest stages of Early Modern English, c. 1500, it may have featured imperfect rhymes in [eː] and [iː]. If composed later, there were no ryhmes that would commonly feature in English poetry, [iː] and [aɪ].



    It is not uncommon for traditional songs and fairy tales to be recorded substantially later than their original composition. Hence, the earliest known publication of the carol, c. 1710, does not offer evidence that the carol must have originated from that time as well. A closer examination of the lyrics may shed more light on when the carol was written. I looked at the text superficially and the archaic vocabulary and imagery of holly as Christ seem to me to be indeed compatible with an early date of composition.






    share|improve this answer


























    • To what extent does the later shift (and continuing vowel differences) in the midlands change your date of 1400AD?

      – Pete Kirkham
      Dec 20 '18 at 12:28











    • Well, you're quite right to point out the importance of dialects here. However, it would be quite time-consuming to trace potential dialectal differences in the pronunciation of "deer" and "choir". The time "1400" is of course only approximate.

      – Richard Z
      Dec 20 '18 at 13:26






    • 3





      As modern English speaker, “long e” to me signifies precisely the sound produced by the ee in the modern pronunciation of deer, which you label “long i,” if I understand correctly (as opposed to the sound of the word I). My knowledge of other languages is sufficient to know that this “ee” sound is the long i sound in most languages, but that leaves me wondering—what is the long e sound? A modern-English example of that sound might improve this answer.

      – KRyan
      Dec 22 '18 at 17:11








    • 7





      @KRyan The long e sound (IPA /eː/) does not exist in English, which is why it’s always a bit of a bother to talk about it in Modern English. It’s the sound found in German See (‘sea’), or a longer version of French é.

      – Janus Bahs Jacquet
      Dec 22 '18 at 17:28














    71












    71








    71







    Yes, the two words would have been pronounced with the same rhyme at around 1400 A.D.



    The word deer is of Germanic origin (cf. German Tier). It was pronounced with a long, mid-high e-sound until the Great Vowel Shift raised the sound to a long, high i-sound, c. 1500.



    [deːr] (pre-1500)
    > [diːr] (Great Vowel Shift, after c. 1500)


    The word choir is a, probably late twelfth century, borrowing from Old French. Originally pronounced with a French rounded front vowel, as evidenced by frequent spellings with oe, (1), the word was adapted to English pronunciation and hence pronounced with a long, mid-high e-sound, just as deer. This is suggested by common spellings with double-e, (2), and rhymes with words that definitenly had a long e vowel, (3).




    (1) Tuelf other freres of the queor (c. 1300, St. Brendan)








    (2) to governe þe queere (c. 1387, John Trevisa, Higden's Polychronicon)








    (3) qweer : here : autere ('choir' : 'here' : 'altar') (c. 1440, John Capgrave's Life of Saint Norbert)




    [kwøːr] (c. 1300)
    > [kweːr] (c. 1400)


    At some time before the onset of the Great Vowel Shift, the vowel in choir must have been raised from long e to i. The change is irregular and affected only a small number of words. The OED points out that the development "goes exactly with that of brere and frere to brier, friar." The spelling reflects this change as the word is frequently written with i, ie y, ye etc. from c. 1500 on, (4). The Great Vowel Shift, I would assume, then diphthongized the vowel, yielding more or less the modern pronunciation of the word. (The modern spelling with ch and oi is a later attempt at historicizing the word.)




    (4) the whole quier (1553, Wilson's Arte of Rhetorique)




    [kweːr] (c. 1400)
    > [kwiːr] (irregular raising, pre-1500)
    > [kwaɪr] (Great Vowel Shift, after c. 1500)


    Hence, if the carol "The Holly and the Ivy" originates from Middle English, c. 1400, it originally featured perfect rhymes of deer and choir in [eː]. If it was written at the earliest stages of Early Modern English, c. 1500, it may have featured imperfect rhymes in [eː] and [iː]. If composed later, there were no ryhmes that would commonly feature in English poetry, [iː] and [aɪ].



    It is not uncommon for traditional songs and fairy tales to be recorded substantially later than their original composition. Hence, the earliest known publication of the carol, c. 1710, does not offer evidence that the carol must have originated from that time as well. A closer examination of the lyrics may shed more light on when the carol was written. I looked at the text superficially and the archaic vocabulary and imagery of holly as Christ seem to me to be indeed compatible with an early date of composition.






    share|improve this answer















    Yes, the two words would have been pronounced with the same rhyme at around 1400 A.D.



    The word deer is of Germanic origin (cf. German Tier). It was pronounced with a long, mid-high e-sound until the Great Vowel Shift raised the sound to a long, high i-sound, c. 1500.



    [deːr] (pre-1500)
    > [diːr] (Great Vowel Shift, after c. 1500)


    The word choir is a, probably late twelfth century, borrowing from Old French. Originally pronounced with a French rounded front vowel, as evidenced by frequent spellings with oe, (1), the word was adapted to English pronunciation and hence pronounced with a long, mid-high e-sound, just as deer. This is suggested by common spellings with double-e, (2), and rhymes with words that definitenly had a long e vowel, (3).




    (1) Tuelf other freres of the queor (c. 1300, St. Brendan)








    (2) to governe þe queere (c. 1387, John Trevisa, Higden's Polychronicon)








    (3) qweer : here : autere ('choir' : 'here' : 'altar') (c. 1440, John Capgrave's Life of Saint Norbert)




    [kwøːr] (c. 1300)
    > [kweːr] (c. 1400)


    At some time before the onset of the Great Vowel Shift, the vowel in choir must have been raised from long e to i. The change is irregular and affected only a small number of words. The OED points out that the development "goes exactly with that of brere and frere to brier, friar." The spelling reflects this change as the word is frequently written with i, ie y, ye etc. from c. 1500 on, (4). The Great Vowel Shift, I would assume, then diphthongized the vowel, yielding more or less the modern pronunciation of the word. (The modern spelling with ch and oi is a later attempt at historicizing the word.)




    (4) the whole quier (1553, Wilson's Arte of Rhetorique)




    [kweːr] (c. 1400)
    > [kwiːr] (irregular raising, pre-1500)
    > [kwaɪr] (Great Vowel Shift, after c. 1500)


    Hence, if the carol "The Holly and the Ivy" originates from Middle English, c. 1400, it originally featured perfect rhymes of deer and choir in [eː]. If it was written at the earliest stages of Early Modern English, c. 1500, it may have featured imperfect rhymes in [eː] and [iː]. If composed later, there were no ryhmes that would commonly feature in English poetry, [iː] and [aɪ].



    It is not uncommon for traditional songs and fairy tales to be recorded substantially later than their original composition. Hence, the earliest known publication of the carol, c. 1710, does not offer evidence that the carol must have originated from that time as well. A closer examination of the lyrics may shed more light on when the carol was written. I looked at the text superficially and the archaic vocabulary and imagery of holly as Christ seem to me to be indeed compatible with an early date of composition.







    share|improve this answer














    share|improve this answer



    share|improve this answer








    edited Dec 21 '18 at 20:53

























    answered Dec 20 '18 at 10:53









    Richard ZRichard Z

    1,009213




    1,009213













    • To what extent does the later shift (and continuing vowel differences) in the midlands change your date of 1400AD?

      – Pete Kirkham
      Dec 20 '18 at 12:28











    • Well, you're quite right to point out the importance of dialects here. However, it would be quite time-consuming to trace potential dialectal differences in the pronunciation of "deer" and "choir". The time "1400" is of course only approximate.

      – Richard Z
      Dec 20 '18 at 13:26






    • 3





      As modern English speaker, “long e” to me signifies precisely the sound produced by the ee in the modern pronunciation of deer, which you label “long i,” if I understand correctly (as opposed to the sound of the word I). My knowledge of other languages is sufficient to know that this “ee” sound is the long i sound in most languages, but that leaves me wondering—what is the long e sound? A modern-English example of that sound might improve this answer.

      – KRyan
      Dec 22 '18 at 17:11








    • 7





      @KRyan The long e sound (IPA /eː/) does not exist in English, which is why it’s always a bit of a bother to talk about it in Modern English. It’s the sound found in German See (‘sea’), or a longer version of French é.

      – Janus Bahs Jacquet
      Dec 22 '18 at 17:28



















    • To what extent does the later shift (and continuing vowel differences) in the midlands change your date of 1400AD?

      – Pete Kirkham
      Dec 20 '18 at 12:28











    • Well, you're quite right to point out the importance of dialects here. However, it would be quite time-consuming to trace potential dialectal differences in the pronunciation of "deer" and "choir". The time "1400" is of course only approximate.

      – Richard Z
      Dec 20 '18 at 13:26






    • 3





      As modern English speaker, “long e” to me signifies precisely the sound produced by the ee in the modern pronunciation of deer, which you label “long i,” if I understand correctly (as opposed to the sound of the word I). My knowledge of other languages is sufficient to know that this “ee” sound is the long i sound in most languages, but that leaves me wondering—what is the long e sound? A modern-English example of that sound might improve this answer.

      – KRyan
      Dec 22 '18 at 17:11








    • 7





      @KRyan The long e sound (IPA /eː/) does not exist in English, which is why it’s always a bit of a bother to talk about it in Modern English. It’s the sound found in German See (‘sea’), or a longer version of French é.

      – Janus Bahs Jacquet
      Dec 22 '18 at 17:28

















    To what extent does the later shift (and continuing vowel differences) in the midlands change your date of 1400AD?

    – Pete Kirkham
    Dec 20 '18 at 12:28





    To what extent does the later shift (and continuing vowel differences) in the midlands change your date of 1400AD?

    – Pete Kirkham
    Dec 20 '18 at 12:28













    Well, you're quite right to point out the importance of dialects here. However, it would be quite time-consuming to trace potential dialectal differences in the pronunciation of "deer" and "choir". The time "1400" is of course only approximate.

    – Richard Z
    Dec 20 '18 at 13:26





    Well, you're quite right to point out the importance of dialects here. However, it would be quite time-consuming to trace potential dialectal differences in the pronunciation of "deer" and "choir". The time "1400" is of course only approximate.

    – Richard Z
    Dec 20 '18 at 13:26




    3




    3





    As modern English speaker, “long e” to me signifies precisely the sound produced by the ee in the modern pronunciation of deer, which you label “long i,” if I understand correctly (as opposed to the sound of the word I). My knowledge of other languages is sufficient to know that this “ee” sound is the long i sound in most languages, but that leaves me wondering—what is the long e sound? A modern-English example of that sound might improve this answer.

    – KRyan
    Dec 22 '18 at 17:11







    As modern English speaker, “long e” to me signifies precisely the sound produced by the ee in the modern pronunciation of deer, which you label “long i,” if I understand correctly (as opposed to the sound of the word I). My knowledge of other languages is sufficient to know that this “ee” sound is the long i sound in most languages, but that leaves me wondering—what is the long e sound? A modern-English example of that sound might improve this answer.

    – KRyan
    Dec 22 '18 at 17:11






    7




    7





    @KRyan The long e sound (IPA /eː/) does not exist in English, which is why it’s always a bit of a bother to talk about it in Modern English. It’s the sound found in German See (‘sea’), or a longer version of French é.

    – Janus Bahs Jacquet
    Dec 22 '18 at 17:28





    @KRyan The long e sound (IPA /eː/) does not exist in English, which is why it’s always a bit of a bother to talk about it in Modern English. It’s the sound found in German See (‘sea’), or a longer version of French é.

    – Janus Bahs Jacquet
    Dec 22 '18 at 17:28













    19














    Here is the entry for choir from our friends at Etymology Online:




    choir (n.)



    c. 1300, queor "part of the church where the choir sings," from Old French cuer, quer "(architectural) choir of a church; chorus of singers" (13c., Modern French choeur), from Latin chorus "choir" (see chorus). Meaning "band of singers" in English is from c. 1400, quyre. Re-spelled mid-17c. in an attempt to match classical forms, but the pronunciation has not changed.




    Etymonline explicitly states that the shift in spelling from quyre to choir in the middle 1600s did not reflect a change in pronunciation, but it seems fair to ask whether there might not have been a shift in pronunciation between queor in 1300 and quyre in 1400, or a shift in pronunciation of quyre itself (with no change in spelling) between 1400 and the mid-1600s.



    Nevertheless, these possibilities are moot if the song is not significantly more than 300 years old. According to the Wikipedia article on "The Holly and the Ivy," there is no firm evidence to push the date of the lyrics back before about 1711:




    The words of the carol were included in Sylvester's 1861 collection A Garland of Christmas Carols where it is claimed to originate from "an old broadside, printed a century and a half since" [i.e. around 1711]: Husk's 1864 Songs of the Nativity also includes the carol, stating:




    This carol appears to have nearly escaped the notice of collectors, as it has been reprinted by one alone, who states his copy to have been taken from "an old broadside, printed a century and a half since," i.e. about 1710. It is still retained on the broadsides printed at Birmingham.





    As for the reference to "the running of the deer," a webpage dedicated to "Yule Songs" at the Proto-Indo-European Religion website has this comment:




    The "running of the deer" in this song refers to the custom of going hunting in the forest on the day after the long night of the Winter Solstice. By Victorian times this had turned into a tradition of blasting away with a shotgun at as many birds as possible, including song birds, which were brought home and baked in meat pies. This became unacceptable and the tradition is now to participate in a Christmas Bird Count of which there are many organized versions.




    I'm not sure what to make of the claimed lineage of Christmas bird counts, but the tradition of winter solstice hunting, if true, would explain why the lyricist associated "the running of the deer" with Christmas.






    share|improve this answer





















    • 1





      In short, a no to "Is there any evidence for a rhyme in the past?" So it doesn't answer the Q at hand.

      – Kris
      Dec 20 '18 at 7:14











    • "The Boxing Day Shoot" is a tradition that is alive and well in Britain today. Prince Harry is apparently planning not to attend the shoot at Sandringham this year because his wife doesn't approve.

      – Martin Bonner
      Dec 20 '18 at 15:29
















    19














    Here is the entry for choir from our friends at Etymology Online:




    choir (n.)



    c. 1300, queor "part of the church where the choir sings," from Old French cuer, quer "(architectural) choir of a church; chorus of singers" (13c., Modern French choeur), from Latin chorus "choir" (see chorus). Meaning "band of singers" in English is from c. 1400, quyre. Re-spelled mid-17c. in an attempt to match classical forms, but the pronunciation has not changed.




    Etymonline explicitly states that the shift in spelling from quyre to choir in the middle 1600s did not reflect a change in pronunciation, but it seems fair to ask whether there might not have been a shift in pronunciation between queor in 1300 and quyre in 1400, or a shift in pronunciation of quyre itself (with no change in spelling) between 1400 and the mid-1600s.



    Nevertheless, these possibilities are moot if the song is not significantly more than 300 years old. According to the Wikipedia article on "The Holly and the Ivy," there is no firm evidence to push the date of the lyrics back before about 1711:




    The words of the carol were included in Sylvester's 1861 collection A Garland of Christmas Carols where it is claimed to originate from "an old broadside, printed a century and a half since" [i.e. around 1711]: Husk's 1864 Songs of the Nativity also includes the carol, stating:




    This carol appears to have nearly escaped the notice of collectors, as it has been reprinted by one alone, who states his copy to have been taken from "an old broadside, printed a century and a half since," i.e. about 1710. It is still retained on the broadsides printed at Birmingham.





    As for the reference to "the running of the deer," a webpage dedicated to "Yule Songs" at the Proto-Indo-European Religion website has this comment:




    The "running of the deer" in this song refers to the custom of going hunting in the forest on the day after the long night of the Winter Solstice. By Victorian times this had turned into a tradition of blasting away with a shotgun at as many birds as possible, including song birds, which were brought home and baked in meat pies. This became unacceptable and the tradition is now to participate in a Christmas Bird Count of which there are many organized versions.




    I'm not sure what to make of the claimed lineage of Christmas bird counts, but the tradition of winter solstice hunting, if true, would explain why the lyricist associated "the running of the deer" with Christmas.






    share|improve this answer





















    • 1





      In short, a no to "Is there any evidence for a rhyme in the past?" So it doesn't answer the Q at hand.

      – Kris
      Dec 20 '18 at 7:14











    • "The Boxing Day Shoot" is a tradition that is alive and well in Britain today. Prince Harry is apparently planning not to attend the shoot at Sandringham this year because his wife doesn't approve.

      – Martin Bonner
      Dec 20 '18 at 15:29














    19












    19








    19







    Here is the entry for choir from our friends at Etymology Online:




    choir (n.)



    c. 1300, queor "part of the church where the choir sings," from Old French cuer, quer "(architectural) choir of a church; chorus of singers" (13c., Modern French choeur), from Latin chorus "choir" (see chorus). Meaning "band of singers" in English is from c. 1400, quyre. Re-spelled mid-17c. in an attempt to match classical forms, but the pronunciation has not changed.




    Etymonline explicitly states that the shift in spelling from quyre to choir in the middle 1600s did not reflect a change in pronunciation, but it seems fair to ask whether there might not have been a shift in pronunciation between queor in 1300 and quyre in 1400, or a shift in pronunciation of quyre itself (with no change in spelling) between 1400 and the mid-1600s.



    Nevertheless, these possibilities are moot if the song is not significantly more than 300 years old. According to the Wikipedia article on "The Holly and the Ivy," there is no firm evidence to push the date of the lyrics back before about 1711:




    The words of the carol were included in Sylvester's 1861 collection A Garland of Christmas Carols where it is claimed to originate from "an old broadside, printed a century and a half since" [i.e. around 1711]: Husk's 1864 Songs of the Nativity also includes the carol, stating:




    This carol appears to have nearly escaped the notice of collectors, as it has been reprinted by one alone, who states his copy to have been taken from "an old broadside, printed a century and a half since," i.e. about 1710. It is still retained on the broadsides printed at Birmingham.





    As for the reference to "the running of the deer," a webpage dedicated to "Yule Songs" at the Proto-Indo-European Religion website has this comment:




    The "running of the deer" in this song refers to the custom of going hunting in the forest on the day after the long night of the Winter Solstice. By Victorian times this had turned into a tradition of blasting away with a shotgun at as many birds as possible, including song birds, which were brought home and baked in meat pies. This became unacceptable and the tradition is now to participate in a Christmas Bird Count of which there are many organized versions.




    I'm not sure what to make of the claimed lineage of Christmas bird counts, but the tradition of winter solstice hunting, if true, would explain why the lyricist associated "the running of the deer" with Christmas.






    share|improve this answer















    Here is the entry for choir from our friends at Etymology Online:




    choir (n.)



    c. 1300, queor "part of the church where the choir sings," from Old French cuer, quer "(architectural) choir of a church; chorus of singers" (13c., Modern French choeur), from Latin chorus "choir" (see chorus). Meaning "band of singers" in English is from c. 1400, quyre. Re-spelled mid-17c. in an attempt to match classical forms, but the pronunciation has not changed.




    Etymonline explicitly states that the shift in spelling from quyre to choir in the middle 1600s did not reflect a change in pronunciation, but it seems fair to ask whether there might not have been a shift in pronunciation between queor in 1300 and quyre in 1400, or a shift in pronunciation of quyre itself (with no change in spelling) between 1400 and the mid-1600s.



    Nevertheless, these possibilities are moot if the song is not significantly more than 300 years old. According to the Wikipedia article on "The Holly and the Ivy," there is no firm evidence to push the date of the lyrics back before about 1711:




    The words of the carol were included in Sylvester's 1861 collection A Garland of Christmas Carols where it is claimed to originate from "an old broadside, printed a century and a half since" [i.e. around 1711]: Husk's 1864 Songs of the Nativity also includes the carol, stating:




    This carol appears to have nearly escaped the notice of collectors, as it has been reprinted by one alone, who states his copy to have been taken from "an old broadside, printed a century and a half since," i.e. about 1710. It is still retained on the broadsides printed at Birmingham.





    As for the reference to "the running of the deer," a webpage dedicated to "Yule Songs" at the Proto-Indo-European Religion website has this comment:




    The "running of the deer" in this song refers to the custom of going hunting in the forest on the day after the long night of the Winter Solstice. By Victorian times this had turned into a tradition of blasting away with a shotgun at as many birds as possible, including song birds, which were brought home and baked in meat pies. This became unacceptable and the tradition is now to participate in a Christmas Bird Count of which there are many organized versions.




    I'm not sure what to make of the claimed lineage of Christmas bird counts, but the tradition of winter solstice hunting, if true, would explain why the lyricist associated "the running of the deer" with Christmas.







    share|improve this answer














    share|improve this answer



    share|improve this answer








    edited Dec 19 '18 at 23:20

























    answered Dec 19 '18 at 23:15









    Sven YargsSven Yargs

    112k19240496




    112k19240496








    • 1





      In short, a no to "Is there any evidence for a rhyme in the past?" So it doesn't answer the Q at hand.

      – Kris
      Dec 20 '18 at 7:14











    • "The Boxing Day Shoot" is a tradition that is alive and well in Britain today. Prince Harry is apparently planning not to attend the shoot at Sandringham this year because his wife doesn't approve.

      – Martin Bonner
      Dec 20 '18 at 15:29














    • 1





      In short, a no to "Is there any evidence for a rhyme in the past?" So it doesn't answer the Q at hand.

      – Kris
      Dec 20 '18 at 7:14











    • "The Boxing Day Shoot" is a tradition that is alive and well in Britain today. Prince Harry is apparently planning not to attend the shoot at Sandringham this year because his wife doesn't approve.

      – Martin Bonner
      Dec 20 '18 at 15:29








    1




    1





    In short, a no to "Is there any evidence for a rhyme in the past?" So it doesn't answer the Q at hand.

    – Kris
    Dec 20 '18 at 7:14





    In short, a no to "Is there any evidence for a rhyme in the past?" So it doesn't answer the Q at hand.

    – Kris
    Dec 20 '18 at 7:14













    "The Boxing Day Shoot" is a tradition that is alive and well in Britain today. Prince Harry is apparently planning not to attend the shoot at Sandringham this year because his wife doesn't approve.

    – Martin Bonner
    Dec 20 '18 at 15:29





    "The Boxing Day Shoot" is a tradition that is alive and well in Britain today. Prince Harry is apparently planning not to attend the shoot at Sandringham this year because his wife doesn't approve.

    – Martin Bonner
    Dec 20 '18 at 15:29











    12














    It's what's called a half-rhyme. Quoth Wikipedia:




    Half rhyme or imperfect rhyme, sometimes called near-rhyme, lazy rhyme, or slant rhyme, is a type of rhyme formed by words with similar but not identical sounds. In most instances, either the vowel segments are different while the consonants are identical, or vice versa. This type of rhyme is also called approximate rhyme, inexact rhyme, imperfect rhyme (in contrast to perfect rhyme), off rhyme, analyzed rhyme, suspended rhyme, or sprung rhyme.




    Wikipedia: Perfect and Imperfect Rhyme



    Such rhymes often turn on the last consonant sound. The poems of Emily Dickinson contain numerous examples. (See "A Narrow Fellow in the grass," noting that the second and fourth lines in each stanza are half-rhymes.)



    EL&U has a number of similar answers, albeit to differently framed questions.






    share|improve this answer





















    • 3





      Not sure I agree - the two words, in their current pronunciation, seem too "far" to be considered a half rhyme.

      – microenzo
      Dec 21 '18 at 10:00
















    12














    It's what's called a half-rhyme. Quoth Wikipedia:




    Half rhyme or imperfect rhyme, sometimes called near-rhyme, lazy rhyme, or slant rhyme, is a type of rhyme formed by words with similar but not identical sounds. In most instances, either the vowel segments are different while the consonants are identical, or vice versa. This type of rhyme is also called approximate rhyme, inexact rhyme, imperfect rhyme (in contrast to perfect rhyme), off rhyme, analyzed rhyme, suspended rhyme, or sprung rhyme.




    Wikipedia: Perfect and Imperfect Rhyme



    Such rhymes often turn on the last consonant sound. The poems of Emily Dickinson contain numerous examples. (See "A Narrow Fellow in the grass," noting that the second and fourth lines in each stanza are half-rhymes.)



    EL&U has a number of similar answers, albeit to differently framed questions.






    share|improve this answer





















    • 3





      Not sure I agree - the two words, in their current pronunciation, seem too "far" to be considered a half rhyme.

      – microenzo
      Dec 21 '18 at 10:00














    12












    12








    12







    It's what's called a half-rhyme. Quoth Wikipedia:




    Half rhyme or imperfect rhyme, sometimes called near-rhyme, lazy rhyme, or slant rhyme, is a type of rhyme formed by words with similar but not identical sounds. In most instances, either the vowel segments are different while the consonants are identical, or vice versa. This type of rhyme is also called approximate rhyme, inexact rhyme, imperfect rhyme (in contrast to perfect rhyme), off rhyme, analyzed rhyme, suspended rhyme, or sprung rhyme.




    Wikipedia: Perfect and Imperfect Rhyme



    Such rhymes often turn on the last consonant sound. The poems of Emily Dickinson contain numerous examples. (See "A Narrow Fellow in the grass," noting that the second and fourth lines in each stanza are half-rhymes.)



    EL&U has a number of similar answers, albeit to differently framed questions.






    share|improve this answer















    It's what's called a half-rhyme. Quoth Wikipedia:




    Half rhyme or imperfect rhyme, sometimes called near-rhyme, lazy rhyme, or slant rhyme, is a type of rhyme formed by words with similar but not identical sounds. In most instances, either the vowel segments are different while the consonants are identical, or vice versa. This type of rhyme is also called approximate rhyme, inexact rhyme, imperfect rhyme (in contrast to perfect rhyme), off rhyme, analyzed rhyme, suspended rhyme, or sprung rhyme.




    Wikipedia: Perfect and Imperfect Rhyme



    Such rhymes often turn on the last consonant sound. The poems of Emily Dickinson contain numerous examples. (See "A Narrow Fellow in the grass," noting that the second and fourth lines in each stanza are half-rhymes.)



    EL&U has a number of similar answers, albeit to differently framed questions.







    share|improve this answer














    share|improve this answer



    share|improve this answer








    edited Dec 22 '18 at 17:14









    KRyan

    3,86331525




    3,86331525










    answered Dec 19 '18 at 23:30









    Rob_SterRob_Ster

    5,15211026




    5,15211026








    • 3





      Not sure I agree - the two words, in their current pronunciation, seem too "far" to be considered a half rhyme.

      – microenzo
      Dec 21 '18 at 10:00














    • 3





      Not sure I agree - the two words, in their current pronunciation, seem too "far" to be considered a half rhyme.

      – microenzo
      Dec 21 '18 at 10:00








    3




    3





    Not sure I agree - the two words, in their current pronunciation, seem too "far" to be considered a half rhyme.

    – microenzo
    Dec 21 '18 at 10:00





    Not sure I agree - the two words, in their current pronunciation, seem too "far" to be considered a half rhyme.

    – microenzo
    Dec 21 '18 at 10:00











    0














    To the symbolism: A deer's antlers fall off an regrow each season, which is a symbol of regeneration. As is the rising of the sun. I suppose you could substitute something about a phoenix and keep the meaning.






    share|improve this answer




























      0














      To the symbolism: A deer's antlers fall off an regrow each season, which is a symbol of regeneration. As is the rising of the sun. I suppose you could substitute something about a phoenix and keep the meaning.






      share|improve this answer


























        0












        0








        0







        To the symbolism: A deer's antlers fall off an regrow each season, which is a symbol of regeneration. As is the rising of the sun. I suppose you could substitute something about a phoenix and keep the meaning.






        share|improve this answer













        To the symbolism: A deer's antlers fall off an regrow each season, which is a symbol of regeneration. As is the rising of the sun. I suppose you could substitute something about a phoenix and keep the meaning.







        share|improve this answer












        share|improve this answer



        share|improve this answer










        answered Dec 23 '18 at 14:12









        Bartley GoddardBartley Goddard

        1




        1























            -2














            In poetry it is called an eye rhyme, visual rhyme, or sight rhyme, so may never have been intended to rhyme when spoken:
            https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eye_rhyme






            share|improve this answer



















            • 5





              With modern spelling, at least, "choir" and "deer" are not an eye rhyme.

              – sumelic
              Dec 21 '18 at 14:54
















            -2














            In poetry it is called an eye rhyme, visual rhyme, or sight rhyme, so may never have been intended to rhyme when spoken:
            https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eye_rhyme






            share|improve this answer



















            • 5





              With modern spelling, at least, "choir" and "deer" are not an eye rhyme.

              – sumelic
              Dec 21 '18 at 14:54














            -2












            -2








            -2







            In poetry it is called an eye rhyme, visual rhyme, or sight rhyme, so may never have been intended to rhyme when spoken:
            https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eye_rhyme






            share|improve this answer













            In poetry it is called an eye rhyme, visual rhyme, or sight rhyme, so may never have been intended to rhyme when spoken:
            https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eye_rhyme







            share|improve this answer












            share|improve this answer



            share|improve this answer










            answered Dec 21 '18 at 14:22









            Dissabled DaveDissabled Dave

            274




            274








            • 5





              With modern spelling, at least, "choir" and "deer" are not an eye rhyme.

              – sumelic
              Dec 21 '18 at 14:54














            • 5





              With modern spelling, at least, "choir" and "deer" are not an eye rhyme.

              – sumelic
              Dec 21 '18 at 14:54








            5




            5





            With modern spelling, at least, "choir" and "deer" are not an eye rhyme.

            – sumelic
            Dec 21 '18 at 14:54





            With modern spelling, at least, "choir" and "deer" are not an eye rhyme.

            – sumelic
            Dec 21 '18 at 14:54


















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