How to stop overlap between different circles randomly generated












6














This question is similar to this question tikz: Distribute evenly and randomly circles (which is also where I got some of the code for this TiKz picture) but is different. I wish to draw multiple circles that do not overlap but some of these circles are different. Currently this is my code:



documentclass{article}

usepackage{tikz}

usepackage[margin=0.5in]{geometry}

newcommand{fillrandomly}[5]{

    xdefxlist{4}

    xdefylist{4}

    pgfmathsetmacrodiametersqr{(#3*2)^2}

    foreach i in {1,...,#4}{

        foreach k in {1,...,20}{

            pgfmathsetmacrox{rnd*#1}

            pgfmathsetmacroy{rnd*#2}

            xdefcollision{0}

            foreach element [count=i] in xlist{

                pgfmathtruncatemacroj{i-1}

                pgfmathsetmacrocheckdistancesqr{ ( ({xlist}[j]-(x))^2 + ({ylist}[j]-(y))^2 ) }

                ifdimcheckdistancesqr pt<diametersqr pt

                    xdefcollision{1}

                    breakforeach

                fi

            }

            ifnumcollision=0

                xdefxlist{xlist,x}

                xdefylist{ylist,y}

                draw (x,y) circle [radius=#3] node[anchor=center] {#5};

                breakforeach

            fi 

        }

    }

}

begin{document}

begin{figure}

begin{tikzpicture}

begin{scope}[xshift=0.2cm,yshift=0.2cm]

fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{12}{$-$}

fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{12}{$+$}

end{scope}

        draw (0,5) -- (0,1);

draw (0,1) .. controls (0,0) and (0,0) .. (1,0);

draw (1,0) -- (3,0);

draw (3,0) .. controls (4,0) and (4,0) .. (4,1);

draw (4,1) -- (4,5);

draw[densely dashed] (0,5) .. controls (0,4.5) and (0,4.5) .. (0.5,4.5);

draw[densely dashed] (0.5,4.5) -- (3.5,4.5);

draw[densely dashed] (3.5,4.5) .. controls (4,4.5) and (4,4.5) .. (4,5);

node[anchor=center] at (2,-0.5) {concentrated strong acid};



    begin{scope}[xshift=5cm]

                foreach X in {1,...,3}

            {draw (2+1.8*rand,2+1.9*rand) circle (0.15) node[anchor=center] {$+$};

            draw (2+1.8*rand,2+1.9*rand) circle (0.15) node[anchor=center] {$-$};}

        draw (0,5) -- (0,1);

draw (0,1) .. controls (0,0) and (0,0) .. (1,0);

draw (1,0) -- (3,0);

draw (3,0) .. controls (4,0) and (4,0) .. (4,1);

draw (4,1) -- (4,5);

draw[densely dashed] (0,5) .. controls (0,4.5) and (0,4.5) .. (0.5,4.5);

draw[densely dashed] (0.5,4.5) -- (3.5,4.5);

draw[densely dashed] (3.5,4.5) .. controls (4,4.5) and (4,4.5) .. (4,5);

node[anchor=center] at (2,-0.5) {dilute strong acid};

end{scope}

    begin{scope}[xshift=10cm]

begin{scope}[xshift=0.2cm,yshift=0.2cm]

fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{8}{$-$}

fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{8}{$+$}

end{scope}

foreach X in {1,...,8}

{

            draw[fill=black!10]  (2+1.8*rand,2+1.9*rand) circle (0.15);

            }

        draw (0,5) -- (0,1);

draw (0,1) .. controls (0,0) and (0,0) .. (1,0);

draw (1,0) -- (3,0);

draw (3,0) .. controls (4,0) and (4,0) .. (4,1);

draw (4,1) -- (4,5);

draw[densely dashed] (0,5) .. controls (0,4.5) and (0,4.5) .. (0.5,4.5);

draw[densely dashed] (0.5,4.5) -- (3.5,4.5);

draw[densely dashed] (3.5,4.5) .. controls (4,4.5) and (4,4.5) .. (4,5);

node[anchor=center] at (2,-0.5) {concentrated weak acid};

end{scope}

        begin{scope}[xshift=15cm]

                foreach X in {1,...,2}

            {draw (2+1.8*rand,2+1.9*rand) circle (0.15) node[anchor=center] {$+$};

            draw (2+1.8*rand,2+1.9*rand) circle (0.15) node[anchor=center] {$-$};}

            draw[fill=black!10]  (2+1.8*rand,2+1.9*rand) circle (0.15);

        draw (0,5) -- (0,1);

draw (0,1) .. controls (0,0) and (0,0) .. (1,0);

draw (1,0) -- (3,0);

draw (3,0) .. controls (4,0) and (4,0) .. (4,1);

draw (4,1) -- (4,5);

draw[densely dashed] (0,5) .. controls (0,4.5) and (0,4.5) .. (0.5,4.5);

draw[densely dashed] (0.5,4.5) -- (3.5,4.5);

draw[densely dashed] (3.5,4.5) .. controls (4,4.5) and (4,4.5) .. (4,5);

node[anchor=center] at (2,-0.5) {dilute weak acid};

end{scope}

draw[fill=black!10] (0,-1) circle (0.15) node[right=0.1cm] {Unionised};

draw (0,-1.5) circle (0.15) node[anchor=center] {$+$} node[right=0.1cm] {Positive Ion};

draw (0,-2) circle (0.15) node[anchor=center] {$-$} node[right=0.1cm] {Negative Ion}; 

end{tikzpicture}

vspace{-2cm}

caption{Concentrated and dilute solutions of weak and strong acids}

end{figure}

end{document}


Which produces this image:
enter image description here
I am unsure how to stop overlapping between the three different types of circles especially in the first and third beaker counting from the left. XeLaTeX answer please






tikz-pgf







share|improve this question
























  • Lualatex ok?...
    – JPi
    Dec 16 at 12:23










  • Sorry I prefer XeLaTeX, forgot to mention
    – sab hoque
    Dec 16 at 12:23
















6














This question is similar to this question tikz: Distribute evenly and randomly circles (which is also where I got some of the code for this TiKz picture) but is different. I wish to draw multiple circles that do not overlap but some of these circles are different. Currently this is my code:



documentclass{article}

usepackage{tikz}

usepackage[margin=0.5in]{geometry}

newcommand{fillrandomly}[5]{

    xdefxlist{4}

    xdefylist{4}

    pgfmathsetmacrodiametersqr{(#3*2)^2}

    foreach i in {1,...,#4}{

        foreach k in {1,...,20}{

            pgfmathsetmacrox{rnd*#1}

            pgfmathsetmacroy{rnd*#2}

            xdefcollision{0}

            foreach element [count=i] in xlist{

                pgfmathtruncatemacroj{i-1}

                pgfmathsetmacrocheckdistancesqr{ ( ({xlist}[j]-(x))^2 + ({ylist}[j]-(y))^2 ) }

                ifdimcheckdistancesqr pt<diametersqr pt

                    xdefcollision{1}

                    breakforeach

                fi

            }

            ifnumcollision=0

                xdefxlist{xlist,x}

                xdefylist{ylist,y}

                draw (x,y) circle [radius=#3] node[anchor=center] {#5};

                breakforeach

            fi 

        }

    }

}

begin{document}

begin{figure}

begin{tikzpicture}

begin{scope}[xshift=0.2cm,yshift=0.2cm]

fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{12}{$-$}

fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{12}{$+$}

end{scope}

        draw (0,5) -- (0,1);

draw (0,1) .. controls (0,0) and (0,0) .. (1,0);

draw (1,0) -- (3,0);

draw (3,0) .. controls (4,0) and (4,0) .. (4,1);

draw (4,1) -- (4,5);

draw[densely dashed] (0,5) .. controls (0,4.5) and (0,4.5) .. (0.5,4.5);

draw[densely dashed] (0.5,4.5) -- (3.5,4.5);

draw[densely dashed] (3.5,4.5) .. controls (4,4.5) and (4,4.5) .. (4,5);

node[anchor=center] at (2,-0.5) {concentrated strong acid};



    begin{scope}[xshift=5cm]

                foreach X in {1,...,3}

            {draw (2+1.8*rand,2+1.9*rand) circle (0.15) node[anchor=center] {$+$};

            draw (2+1.8*rand,2+1.9*rand) circle (0.15) node[anchor=center] {$-$};}

        draw (0,5) -- (0,1);

draw (0,1) .. controls (0,0) and (0,0) .. (1,0);

draw (1,0) -- (3,0);

draw (3,0) .. controls (4,0) and (4,0) .. (4,1);

draw (4,1) -- (4,5);

draw[densely dashed] (0,5) .. controls (0,4.5) and (0,4.5) .. (0.5,4.5);

draw[densely dashed] (0.5,4.5) -- (3.5,4.5);

draw[densely dashed] (3.5,4.5) .. controls (4,4.5) and (4,4.5) .. (4,5);

node[anchor=center] at (2,-0.5) {dilute strong acid};

end{scope}

    begin{scope}[xshift=10cm]

begin{scope}[xshift=0.2cm,yshift=0.2cm]

fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{8}{$-$}

fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{8}{$+$}

end{scope}

foreach X in {1,...,8}

{

            draw[fill=black!10]  (2+1.8*rand,2+1.9*rand) circle (0.15);

            }

        draw (0,5) -- (0,1);

draw (0,1) .. controls (0,0) and (0,0) .. (1,0);

draw (1,0) -- (3,0);

draw (3,0) .. controls (4,0) and (4,0) .. (4,1);

draw (4,1) -- (4,5);

draw[densely dashed] (0,5) .. controls (0,4.5) and (0,4.5) .. (0.5,4.5);

draw[densely dashed] (0.5,4.5) -- (3.5,4.5);

draw[densely dashed] (3.5,4.5) .. controls (4,4.5) and (4,4.5) .. (4,5);

node[anchor=center] at (2,-0.5) {concentrated weak acid};

end{scope}

        begin{scope}[xshift=15cm]

                foreach X in {1,...,2}

            {draw (2+1.8*rand,2+1.9*rand) circle (0.15) node[anchor=center] {$+$};

            draw (2+1.8*rand,2+1.9*rand) circle (0.15) node[anchor=center] {$-$};}

            draw[fill=black!10]  (2+1.8*rand,2+1.9*rand) circle (0.15);

        draw (0,5) -- (0,1);

draw (0,1) .. controls (0,0) and (0,0) .. (1,0);

draw (1,0) -- (3,0);

draw (3,0) .. controls (4,0) and (4,0) .. (4,1);

draw (4,1) -- (4,5);

draw[densely dashed] (0,5) .. controls (0,4.5) and (0,4.5) .. (0.5,4.5);

draw[densely dashed] (0.5,4.5) -- (3.5,4.5);

draw[densely dashed] (3.5,4.5) .. controls (4,4.5) and (4,4.5) .. (4,5);

node[anchor=center] at (2,-0.5) {dilute weak acid};

end{scope}

draw[fill=black!10] (0,-1) circle (0.15) node[right=0.1cm] {Unionised};

draw (0,-1.5) circle (0.15) node[anchor=center] {$+$} node[right=0.1cm] {Positive Ion};

draw (0,-2) circle (0.15) node[anchor=center] {$-$} node[right=0.1cm] {Negative Ion}; 

end{tikzpicture}

vspace{-2cm}

caption{Concentrated and dilute solutions of weak and strong acids}

end{figure}

end{document}


Which produces this image:
enter image description here
I am unsure how to stop overlapping between the three different types of circles especially in the first and third beaker counting from the left. XeLaTeX answer please






tikz-pgf







share|improve this question
























  • Lualatex ok?...
    – JPi
    Dec 16 at 12:23










  • Sorry I prefer XeLaTeX, forgot to mention
    – sab hoque
    Dec 16 at 12:23














6












6








6


1





This question is similar to this question tikz: Distribute evenly and randomly circles (which is also where I got some of the code for this TiKz picture) but is different. I wish to draw multiple circles that do not overlap but some of these circles are different. Currently this is my code:



documentclass{article}

usepackage{tikz}

usepackage[margin=0.5in]{geometry}

newcommand{fillrandomly}[5]{

    xdefxlist{4}

    xdefylist{4}

    pgfmathsetmacrodiametersqr{(#3*2)^2}

    foreach i in {1,...,#4}{

        foreach k in {1,...,20}{

            pgfmathsetmacrox{rnd*#1}

            pgfmathsetmacroy{rnd*#2}

            xdefcollision{0}

            foreach element [count=i] in xlist{

                pgfmathtruncatemacroj{i-1}

                pgfmathsetmacrocheckdistancesqr{ ( ({xlist}[j]-(x))^2 + ({ylist}[j]-(y))^2 ) }

                ifdimcheckdistancesqr pt<diametersqr pt

                    xdefcollision{1}

                    breakforeach

                fi

            }

            ifnumcollision=0

                xdefxlist{xlist,x}

                xdefylist{ylist,y}

                draw (x,y) circle [radius=#3] node[anchor=center] {#5};

                breakforeach

            fi 

        }

    }

}

begin{document}

begin{figure}

begin{tikzpicture}

begin{scope}[xshift=0.2cm,yshift=0.2cm]

fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{12}{$-$}

fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{12}{$+$}

end{scope}

        draw (0,5) -- (0,1);

draw (0,1) .. controls (0,0) and (0,0) .. (1,0);

draw (1,0) -- (3,0);

draw (3,0) .. controls (4,0) and (4,0) .. (4,1);

draw (4,1) -- (4,5);

draw[densely dashed] (0,5) .. controls (0,4.5) and (0,4.5) .. (0.5,4.5);

draw[densely dashed] (0.5,4.5) -- (3.5,4.5);

draw[densely dashed] (3.5,4.5) .. controls (4,4.5) and (4,4.5) .. (4,5);

node[anchor=center] at (2,-0.5) {concentrated strong acid};



    begin{scope}[xshift=5cm]

                foreach X in {1,...,3}

            {draw (2+1.8*rand,2+1.9*rand) circle (0.15) node[anchor=center] {$+$};

            draw (2+1.8*rand,2+1.9*rand) circle (0.15) node[anchor=center] {$-$};}

        draw (0,5) -- (0,1);

draw (0,1) .. controls (0,0) and (0,0) .. (1,0);

draw (1,0) -- (3,0);

draw (3,0) .. controls (4,0) and (4,0) .. (4,1);

draw (4,1) -- (4,5);

draw[densely dashed] (0,5) .. controls (0,4.5) and (0,4.5) .. (0.5,4.5);

draw[densely dashed] (0.5,4.5) -- (3.5,4.5);

draw[densely dashed] (3.5,4.5) .. controls (4,4.5) and (4,4.5) .. (4,5);

node[anchor=center] at (2,-0.5) {dilute strong acid};

end{scope}

    begin{scope}[xshift=10cm]

begin{scope}[xshift=0.2cm,yshift=0.2cm]

fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{8}{$-$}

fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{8}{$+$}

end{scope}

foreach X in {1,...,8}

{

            draw[fill=black!10]  (2+1.8*rand,2+1.9*rand) circle (0.15);

            }

        draw (0,5) -- (0,1);

draw (0,1) .. controls (0,0) and (0,0) .. (1,0);

draw (1,0) -- (3,0);

draw (3,0) .. controls (4,0) and (4,0) .. (4,1);

draw (4,1) -- (4,5);

draw[densely dashed] (0,5) .. controls (0,4.5) and (0,4.5) .. (0.5,4.5);

draw[densely dashed] (0.5,4.5) -- (3.5,4.5);

draw[densely dashed] (3.5,4.5) .. controls (4,4.5) and (4,4.5) .. (4,5);

node[anchor=center] at (2,-0.5) {concentrated weak acid};

end{scope}

        begin{scope}[xshift=15cm]

                foreach X in {1,...,2}

            {draw (2+1.8*rand,2+1.9*rand) circle (0.15) node[anchor=center] {$+$};

            draw (2+1.8*rand,2+1.9*rand) circle (0.15) node[anchor=center] {$-$};}

            draw[fill=black!10]  (2+1.8*rand,2+1.9*rand) circle (0.15);

        draw (0,5) -- (0,1);

draw (0,1) .. controls (0,0) and (0,0) .. (1,0);

draw (1,0) -- (3,0);

draw (3,0) .. controls (4,0) and (4,0) .. (4,1);

draw (4,1) -- (4,5);

draw[densely dashed] (0,5) .. controls (0,4.5) and (0,4.5) .. (0.5,4.5);

draw[densely dashed] (0.5,4.5) -- (3.5,4.5);

draw[densely dashed] (3.5,4.5) .. controls (4,4.5) and (4,4.5) .. (4,5);

node[anchor=center] at (2,-0.5) {dilute weak acid};

end{scope}

draw[fill=black!10] (0,-1) circle (0.15) node[right=0.1cm] {Unionised};

draw (0,-1.5) circle (0.15) node[anchor=center] {$+$} node[right=0.1cm] {Positive Ion};

draw (0,-2) circle (0.15) node[anchor=center] {$-$} node[right=0.1cm] {Negative Ion}; 

end{tikzpicture}

vspace{-2cm}

caption{Concentrated and dilute solutions of weak and strong acids}

end{figure}

end{document}


Which produces this image:
enter image description here
I am unsure how to stop overlapping between the three different types of circles especially in the first and third beaker counting from the left. XeLaTeX answer please






tikz-pgf







share|improve this question















This question is similar to this question tikz: Distribute evenly and randomly circles (which is also where I got some of the code for this TiKz picture) but is different. I wish to draw multiple circles that do not overlap but some of these circles are different. Currently this is my code:



documentclass{article}

usepackage{tikz}

usepackage[margin=0.5in]{geometry}

newcommand{fillrandomly}[5]{

    xdefxlist{4}

    xdefylist{4}

    pgfmathsetmacrodiametersqr{(#3*2)^2}

    foreach i in {1,...,#4}{

        foreach k in {1,...,20}{

            pgfmathsetmacrox{rnd*#1}

            pgfmathsetmacroy{rnd*#2}

            xdefcollision{0}

            foreach element [count=i] in xlist{

                pgfmathtruncatemacroj{i-1}

                pgfmathsetmacrocheckdistancesqr{ ( ({xlist}[j]-(x))^2 + ({ylist}[j]-(y))^2 ) }

                ifdimcheckdistancesqr pt<diametersqr pt

                    xdefcollision{1}

                    breakforeach

                fi

            }

            ifnumcollision=0

                xdefxlist{xlist,x}

                xdefylist{ylist,y}

                draw (x,y) circle [radius=#3] node[anchor=center] {#5};

                breakforeach

            fi 

        }

    }

}

begin{document}

begin{figure}

begin{tikzpicture}

begin{scope}[xshift=0.2cm,yshift=0.2cm]

fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{12}{$-$}

fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{12}{$+$}

end{scope}

        draw (0,5) -- (0,1);

draw (0,1) .. controls (0,0) and (0,0) .. (1,0);

draw (1,0) -- (3,0);

draw (3,0) .. controls (4,0) and (4,0) .. (4,1);

draw (4,1) -- (4,5);

draw[densely dashed] (0,5) .. controls (0,4.5) and (0,4.5) .. (0.5,4.5);

draw[densely dashed] (0.5,4.5) -- (3.5,4.5);

draw[densely dashed] (3.5,4.5) .. controls (4,4.5) and (4,4.5) .. (4,5);

node[anchor=center] at (2,-0.5) {concentrated strong acid};



    begin{scope}[xshift=5cm]

                foreach X in {1,...,3}

            {draw (2+1.8*rand,2+1.9*rand) circle (0.15) node[anchor=center] {$+$};

            draw (2+1.8*rand,2+1.9*rand) circle (0.15) node[anchor=center] {$-$};}

        draw (0,5) -- (0,1);

draw (0,1) .. controls (0,0) and (0,0) .. (1,0);

draw (1,0) -- (3,0);

draw (3,0) .. controls (4,0) and (4,0) .. (4,1);

draw (4,1) -- (4,5);

draw[densely dashed] (0,5) .. controls (0,4.5) and (0,4.5) .. (0.5,4.5);

draw[densely dashed] (0.5,4.5) -- (3.5,4.5);

draw[densely dashed] (3.5,4.5) .. controls (4,4.5) and (4,4.5) .. (4,5);

node[anchor=center] at (2,-0.5) {dilute strong acid};

end{scope}

    begin{scope}[xshift=10cm]

begin{scope}[xshift=0.2cm,yshift=0.2cm]

fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{8}{$-$}

fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{8}{$+$}

end{scope}

foreach X in {1,...,8}

{

            draw[fill=black!10]  (2+1.8*rand,2+1.9*rand) circle (0.15);

            }

        draw (0,5) -- (0,1);

draw (0,1) .. controls (0,0) and (0,0) .. (1,0);

draw (1,0) -- (3,0);

draw (3,0) .. controls (4,0) and (4,0) .. (4,1);

draw (4,1) -- (4,5);

draw[densely dashed] (0,5) .. controls (0,4.5) and (0,4.5) .. (0.5,4.5);

draw[densely dashed] (0.5,4.5) -- (3.5,4.5);

draw[densely dashed] (3.5,4.5) .. controls (4,4.5) and (4,4.5) .. (4,5);

node[anchor=center] at (2,-0.5) {concentrated weak acid};

end{scope}

        begin{scope}[xshift=15cm]

                foreach X in {1,...,2}

            {draw (2+1.8*rand,2+1.9*rand) circle (0.15) node[anchor=center] {$+$};

            draw (2+1.8*rand,2+1.9*rand) circle (0.15) node[anchor=center] {$-$};}

            draw[fill=black!10]  (2+1.8*rand,2+1.9*rand) circle (0.15);

        draw (0,5) -- (0,1);

draw (0,1) .. controls (0,0) and (0,0) .. (1,0);

draw (1,0) -- (3,0);

draw (3,0) .. controls (4,0) and (4,0) .. (4,1);

draw (4,1) -- (4,5);

draw[densely dashed] (0,5) .. controls (0,4.5) and (0,4.5) .. (0.5,4.5);

draw[densely dashed] (0.5,4.5) -- (3.5,4.5);

draw[densely dashed] (3.5,4.5) .. controls (4,4.5) and (4,4.5) .. (4,5);

node[anchor=center] at (2,-0.5) {dilute weak acid};

end{scope}

draw[fill=black!10] (0,-1) circle (0.15) node[right=0.1cm] {Unionised};

draw (0,-1.5) circle (0.15) node[anchor=center] {$+$} node[right=0.1cm] {Positive Ion};

draw (0,-2) circle (0.15) node[anchor=center] {$-$} node[right=0.1cm] {Negative Ion}; 

end{tikzpicture}

vspace{-2cm}

caption{Concentrated and dilute solutions of weak and strong acids}

end{figure}

end{document}


Which produces this image:
enter image description here
I am unsure how to stop overlapping between the three different types of circles especially in the first and third beaker counting from the left. XeLaTeX answer please






tikz-pgf




tikz-pgf






share|improve this question















share|improve this question













share|improve this question




share|improve this question








edited Dec 16 at 12:26

























asked Dec 16 at 12:07









sab hoque

1,255318




1,255318












  • Lualatex ok?...
    – JPi
    Dec 16 at 12:23










  • Sorry I prefer XeLaTeX, forgot to mention
    – sab hoque
    Dec 16 at 12:23


















  • Lualatex ok?...
    – JPi
    Dec 16 at 12:23










  • Sorry I prefer XeLaTeX, forgot to mention
    – sab hoque
    Dec 16 at 12:23
















Lualatex ok?...
– JPi
Dec 16 at 12:23




Lualatex ok?...
– JPi
Dec 16 at 12:23












Sorry I prefer XeLaTeX, forgot to mention
– sab hoque
Dec 16 at 12:23




Sorry I prefer XeLaTeX, forgot to mention
– sab hoque
Dec 16 at 12:23










1 Answer
1






active

oldest

votes


















6














It is clear why this happens: you draw two or more independent samples, so if you say e.g. 



fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{12}{$-$} 

fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{12}{$+$}


the + ions do not know about the - ones. But it is very simple to fix it. Just make the reset of the collision list not part of the fillrandomly, but do it whenever you start a new group. That is, I redefined fillrandomly such that it does not reset the collision list, and added a command resetlists that issues the reset. I also defined an ion style that gets changed along the way such that one can add the filled ions.



documentclass{article}

usepackage{tikz}

usepackage[margin=0.5in]{geometry}

newcommand{resetlists}{xdefxlist{4}xdefylist{4}}

newcommand{fillrandomly}[5]{

    pgfmathsetmacrodiametersqr{(#3*2)^2}

    foreach i in {1,...,#4}{

        foreach k in {1,...,20}{

            pgfmathsetmacrox{rnd*#1}

            pgfmathsetmacroy{rnd*#2}

            xdefcollision{0}

            foreach element [count=i] in xlist{

                pgfmathtruncatemacroj{i-1}

                pgfmathsetmacrocheckdistancesqr{ ( ({xlist}[j]-(x))^2 + ({ylist}[j]-(y))^2 ) }

                ifdimcheckdistancesqr pt<diametersqr pt

                    xdefcollision{1}

                    breakforeach

                fi

            }

            ifnumcollision=0

                xdefxlist{xlist,x}

                xdefylist{ylist,y}

                draw[ion] (x,y) circle [radius=#3] node[anchor=center] {#5};

                breakforeach

            fi 

        }

    }

}

begin{document}

begin{figure}

begin{tikzpicture}

begin{scope}[xshift=0.2cm,yshift=0.2cm]

resetlists

tikzset{ion/.style={}}

fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{12}{$-$}

fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{12}{$+$}

end{scope}

        draw (0,5) -- (0,1);

draw (0,1) .. controls (0,0) and (0,0) .. (1,0);

draw (1,0) -- (3,0);

draw (3,0) .. controls (4,0) and (4,0) .. (4,1);

draw (4,1) -- (4,5);

draw[densely dashed] (0,5) .. controls (0,4.5) and (0,4.5) .. (0.5,4.5);

draw[densely dashed] (0.5,4.5) -- (3.5,4.5);

draw[densely dashed] (3.5,4.5) .. controls (4,4.5) and (4,4.5) .. (4,5);

node[anchor=center] at (2,-0.5) {concentrated strong acid};



% 2

begin{scope}[xshift=5cm]

            foreach X in {1,...,3}

        {draw (2+1.8*rand,2+1.9*rand) circle (0.15) node[anchor=center] {$+$};

        draw (2+1.8*rand,2+1.9*rand) circle (0.15) node[anchor=center] {$-$};}

    draw (0,5) -- (0,1);

draw (0,1) .. controls (0,0) and (0,0) .. (1,0);

draw (1,0) -- (3,0);

draw (3,0) .. controls (4,0) and (4,0) .. (4,1);

draw (4,1) -- (4,5);

draw[densely dashed] (0,5) .. controls (0,4.5) and (0,4.5) .. (0.5,4.5);

draw[densely dashed] (0.5,4.5) -- (3.5,4.5);

draw[densely dashed] (3.5,4.5) .. controls (4,4.5) and (4,4.5) .. (4,5);

node[anchor=center] at (2,-0.5) {dilute strong acid};

end{scope}



% 3

begin{scope}[xshift=10cm]

begin{scope}[xshift=0.2cm,yshift=0.2cm]

resetlists

tikzset{ion/.style={}}

fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{8}{$-$}

fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{8}{$+$}

tikzset{ion/.style={fill=black!10}}

fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{8}{}

end{scope}

draw (0,5) -- (0,1);

draw (0,1) .. controls (0,0) and (0,0) .. (1,0);

draw (1,0) -- (3,0);

draw (3,0) .. controls (4,0) and (4,0) .. (4,1);

draw (4,1) -- (4,5);

draw[densely dashed] (0,5) .. controls (0,4.5) and (0,4.5) .. (0.5,4.5);

draw[densely dashed] (0.5,4.5) -- (3.5,4.5);

draw[densely dashed] (3.5,4.5) .. controls (4,4.5) and (4,4.5) .. (4,5);

node[anchor=center] at (2,-0.5) {concentrated weak acid};

end{scope}



%4

begin{scope}[xshift=15cm]

begin{scope}[xshift=0.2cm,yshift=0.2cm]

resetlists

tikzset{ion/.style={}}

fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{2}{$-$}

fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{2}{$+$}

tikzset{ion/.style={fill=black!10}}

fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{1}{}

end{scope}

draw (0,5) -- (0,1);

draw (0,1) .. controls (0,0) and (0,0) .. (1,0);

draw (1,0) -- (3,0);

draw (3,0) .. controls (4,0) and (4,0) .. (4,1);

draw (4,1) -- (4,5);

draw[densely dashed] (0,5) .. controls (0,4.5) and (0,4.5) .. (0.5,4.5);

draw[densely dashed] (0.5,4.5) -- (3.5,4.5);

draw[densely dashed] (3.5,4.5) .. controls (4,4.5) and (4,4.5) .. (4,5);

node[anchor=center] at (2,-0.5) {dilute weak acid};

end{scope}

draw[fill=black!10] (0,-1) circle (0.15) node[right=0.1cm] {Unionised};

draw (0,-1.5) circle (0.15) node[anchor=center] {$+$} node[right=0.1cm] {Positive Ion};

draw (0,-2) circle (0.15) node[anchor=center] {$-$} node[right=0.1cm] {Negative Ion}; 

end{tikzpicture}

vspace{-2cm}

caption{Concentrated and dilute solutions of weak and strong acids}

end{figure}

end{document}


enter image description here






share|improve this answer





















  • I may have misunderstood something, but is the only thing that was changed was the addition of an ion style. I can't see where the cahnge was made to prevent the resetting of the list? I like to understand the code before I use it
    – sab hoque
    Dec 16 at 14:04






  • 2




    @sabhoque No, the original code has xdefxlist{4}xdefylist{4} part of fillrandomly. This resets the collision list, i.e. the list of previous positions of ions. Whenever a new ion is placed, fillrandomly checks if the would-be ion overlaps with one of the previous ones. If not, the ion is drawn. All I did was not to reset the list automatically. So in the first example the + ions also know where the - ions were. I only reset the list when I switch to the next container. The ion style allows you to draw the shaded circles with fillrandomly, too.
    – marmot
    Dec 16 at 14:09











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1 Answer
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active

oldest

votes








1 Answer
1






active

oldest

votes









active

oldest

votes






active

oldest

votes









6














It is clear why this happens: you draw two or more independent samples, so if you say e.g. 



fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{12}{$-$} 

fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{12}{$+$}


the + ions do not know about the - ones. But it is very simple to fix it. Just make the reset of the collision list not part of the fillrandomly, but do it whenever you start a new group. That is, I redefined fillrandomly such that it does not reset the collision list, and added a command resetlists that issues the reset. I also defined an ion style that gets changed along the way such that one can add the filled ions.



documentclass{article}

usepackage{tikz}

usepackage[margin=0.5in]{geometry}

newcommand{resetlists}{xdefxlist{4}xdefylist{4}}

newcommand{fillrandomly}[5]{

    pgfmathsetmacrodiametersqr{(#3*2)^2}

    foreach i in {1,...,#4}{

        foreach k in {1,...,20}{

            pgfmathsetmacrox{rnd*#1}

            pgfmathsetmacroy{rnd*#2}

            xdefcollision{0}

            foreach element [count=i] in xlist{

                pgfmathtruncatemacroj{i-1}

                pgfmathsetmacrocheckdistancesqr{ ( ({xlist}[j]-(x))^2 + ({ylist}[j]-(y))^2 ) }

                ifdimcheckdistancesqr pt<diametersqr pt

                    xdefcollision{1}

                    breakforeach

                fi

            }

            ifnumcollision=0

                xdefxlist{xlist,x}

                xdefylist{ylist,y}

                draw[ion] (x,y) circle [radius=#3] node[anchor=center] {#5};

                breakforeach

            fi 

        }

    }

}

begin{document}

begin{figure}

begin{tikzpicture}

begin{scope}[xshift=0.2cm,yshift=0.2cm]

resetlists

tikzset{ion/.style={}}

fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{12}{$-$}

fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{12}{$+$}

end{scope}

        draw (0,5) -- (0,1);

draw (0,1) .. controls (0,0) and (0,0) .. (1,0);

draw (1,0) -- (3,0);

draw (3,0) .. controls (4,0) and (4,0) .. (4,1);

draw (4,1) -- (4,5);

draw[densely dashed] (0,5) .. controls (0,4.5) and (0,4.5) .. (0.5,4.5);

draw[densely dashed] (0.5,4.5) -- (3.5,4.5);

draw[densely dashed] (3.5,4.5) .. controls (4,4.5) and (4,4.5) .. (4,5);

node[anchor=center] at (2,-0.5) {concentrated strong acid};



% 2

begin{scope}[xshift=5cm]

            foreach X in {1,...,3}

        {draw (2+1.8*rand,2+1.9*rand) circle (0.15) node[anchor=center] {$+$};

        draw (2+1.8*rand,2+1.9*rand) circle (0.15) node[anchor=center] {$-$};}

    draw (0,5) -- (0,1);

draw (0,1) .. controls (0,0) and (0,0) .. (1,0);

draw (1,0) -- (3,0);

draw (3,0) .. controls (4,0) and (4,0) .. (4,1);

draw (4,1) -- (4,5);

draw[densely dashed] (0,5) .. controls (0,4.5) and (0,4.5) .. (0.5,4.5);

draw[densely dashed] (0.5,4.5) -- (3.5,4.5);

draw[densely dashed] (3.5,4.5) .. controls (4,4.5) and (4,4.5) .. (4,5);

node[anchor=center] at (2,-0.5) {dilute strong acid};

end{scope}



% 3

begin{scope}[xshift=10cm]

begin{scope}[xshift=0.2cm,yshift=0.2cm]

resetlists

tikzset{ion/.style={}}

fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{8}{$-$}

fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{8}{$+$}

tikzset{ion/.style={fill=black!10}}

fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{8}{}

end{scope}

draw (0,5) -- (0,1);

draw (0,1) .. controls (0,0) and (0,0) .. (1,0);

draw (1,0) -- (3,0);

draw (3,0) .. controls (4,0) and (4,0) .. (4,1);

draw (4,1) -- (4,5);

draw[densely dashed] (0,5) .. controls (0,4.5) and (0,4.5) .. (0.5,4.5);

draw[densely dashed] (0.5,4.5) -- (3.5,4.5);

draw[densely dashed] (3.5,4.5) .. controls (4,4.5) and (4,4.5) .. (4,5);

node[anchor=center] at (2,-0.5) {concentrated weak acid};

end{scope}



%4

begin{scope}[xshift=15cm]

begin{scope}[xshift=0.2cm,yshift=0.2cm]

resetlists

tikzset{ion/.style={}}

fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{2}{$-$}

fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{2}{$+$}

tikzset{ion/.style={fill=black!10}}

fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{1}{}

end{scope}

draw (0,5) -- (0,1);

draw (0,1) .. controls (0,0) and (0,0) .. (1,0);

draw (1,0) -- (3,0);

draw (3,0) .. controls (4,0) and (4,0) .. (4,1);

draw (4,1) -- (4,5);

draw[densely dashed] (0,5) .. controls (0,4.5) and (0,4.5) .. (0.5,4.5);

draw[densely dashed] (0.5,4.5) -- (3.5,4.5);

draw[densely dashed] (3.5,4.5) .. controls (4,4.5) and (4,4.5) .. (4,5);

node[anchor=center] at (2,-0.5) {dilute weak acid};

end{scope}

draw[fill=black!10] (0,-1) circle (0.15) node[right=0.1cm] {Unionised};

draw (0,-1.5) circle (0.15) node[anchor=center] {$+$} node[right=0.1cm] {Positive Ion};

draw (0,-2) circle (0.15) node[anchor=center] {$-$} node[right=0.1cm] {Negative Ion}; 

end{tikzpicture}

vspace{-2cm}

caption{Concentrated and dilute solutions of weak and strong acids}

end{figure}

end{document}


enter image description here






share|improve this answer





















  • I may have misunderstood something, but is the only thing that was changed was the addition of an ion style. I can't see where the cahnge was made to prevent the resetting of the list? I like to understand the code before I use it
    – sab hoque
    Dec 16 at 14:04






  • 2




    @sabhoque No, the original code has xdefxlist{4}xdefylist{4} part of fillrandomly. This resets the collision list, i.e. the list of previous positions of ions. Whenever a new ion is placed, fillrandomly checks if the would-be ion overlaps with one of the previous ones. If not, the ion is drawn. All I did was not to reset the list automatically. So in the first example the + ions also know where the - ions were. I only reset the list when I switch to the next container. The ion style allows you to draw the shaded circles with fillrandomly, too.
    – marmot
    Dec 16 at 14:09
















6














It is clear why this happens: you draw two or more independent samples, so if you say e.g. 



fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{12}{$-$} 

fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{12}{$+$}


the + ions do not know about the - ones. But it is very simple to fix it. Just make the reset of the collision list not part of the fillrandomly, but do it whenever you start a new group. That is, I redefined fillrandomly such that it does not reset the collision list, and added a command resetlists that issues the reset. I also defined an ion style that gets changed along the way such that one can add the filled ions.



documentclass{article}

usepackage{tikz}

usepackage[margin=0.5in]{geometry}

newcommand{resetlists}{xdefxlist{4}xdefylist{4}}

newcommand{fillrandomly}[5]{

    pgfmathsetmacrodiametersqr{(#3*2)^2}

    foreach i in {1,...,#4}{

        foreach k in {1,...,20}{

            pgfmathsetmacrox{rnd*#1}

            pgfmathsetmacroy{rnd*#2}

            xdefcollision{0}

            foreach element [count=i] in xlist{

                pgfmathtruncatemacroj{i-1}

                pgfmathsetmacrocheckdistancesqr{ ( ({xlist}[j]-(x))^2 + ({ylist}[j]-(y))^2 ) }

                ifdimcheckdistancesqr pt<diametersqr pt

                    xdefcollision{1}

                    breakforeach

                fi

            }

            ifnumcollision=0

                xdefxlist{xlist,x}

                xdefylist{ylist,y}

                draw[ion] (x,y) circle [radius=#3] node[anchor=center] {#5};

                breakforeach

            fi 

        }

    }

}

begin{document}

begin{figure}

begin{tikzpicture}

begin{scope}[xshift=0.2cm,yshift=0.2cm]

resetlists

tikzset{ion/.style={}}

fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{12}{$-$}

fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{12}{$+$}

end{scope}

        draw (0,5) -- (0,1);

draw (0,1) .. controls (0,0) and (0,0) .. (1,0);

draw (1,0) -- (3,0);

draw (3,0) .. controls (4,0) and (4,0) .. (4,1);

draw (4,1) -- (4,5);

draw[densely dashed] (0,5) .. controls (0,4.5) and (0,4.5) .. (0.5,4.5);

draw[densely dashed] (0.5,4.5) -- (3.5,4.5);

draw[densely dashed] (3.5,4.5) .. controls (4,4.5) and (4,4.5) .. (4,5);

node[anchor=center] at (2,-0.5) {concentrated strong acid};



% 2

begin{scope}[xshift=5cm]

            foreach X in {1,...,3}

        {draw (2+1.8*rand,2+1.9*rand) circle (0.15) node[anchor=center] {$+$};

        draw (2+1.8*rand,2+1.9*rand) circle (0.15) node[anchor=center] {$-$};}

    draw (0,5) -- (0,1);

draw (0,1) .. controls (0,0) and (0,0) .. (1,0);

draw (1,0) -- (3,0);

draw (3,0) .. controls (4,0) and (4,0) .. (4,1);

draw (4,1) -- (4,5);

draw[densely dashed] (0,5) .. controls (0,4.5) and (0,4.5) .. (0.5,4.5);

draw[densely dashed] (0.5,4.5) -- (3.5,4.5);

draw[densely dashed] (3.5,4.5) .. controls (4,4.5) and (4,4.5) .. (4,5);

node[anchor=center] at (2,-0.5) {dilute strong acid};

end{scope}



% 3

begin{scope}[xshift=10cm]

begin{scope}[xshift=0.2cm,yshift=0.2cm]

resetlists

tikzset{ion/.style={}}

fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{8}{$-$}

fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{8}{$+$}

tikzset{ion/.style={fill=black!10}}

fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{8}{}

end{scope}

draw (0,5) -- (0,1);

draw (0,1) .. controls (0,0) and (0,0) .. (1,0);

draw (1,0) -- (3,0);

draw (3,0) .. controls (4,0) and (4,0) .. (4,1);

draw (4,1) -- (4,5);

draw[densely dashed] (0,5) .. controls (0,4.5) and (0,4.5) .. (0.5,4.5);

draw[densely dashed] (0.5,4.5) -- (3.5,4.5);

draw[densely dashed] (3.5,4.5) .. controls (4,4.5) and (4,4.5) .. (4,5);

node[anchor=center] at (2,-0.5) {concentrated weak acid};

end{scope}



%4

begin{scope}[xshift=15cm]

begin{scope}[xshift=0.2cm,yshift=0.2cm]

resetlists

tikzset{ion/.style={}}

fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{2}{$-$}

fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{2}{$+$}

tikzset{ion/.style={fill=black!10}}

fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{1}{}

end{scope}

draw (0,5) -- (0,1);

draw (0,1) .. controls (0,0) and (0,0) .. (1,0);

draw (1,0) -- (3,0);

draw (3,0) .. controls (4,0) and (4,0) .. (4,1);

draw (4,1) -- (4,5);

draw[densely dashed] (0,5) .. controls (0,4.5) and (0,4.5) .. (0.5,4.5);

draw[densely dashed] (0.5,4.5) -- (3.5,4.5);

draw[densely dashed] (3.5,4.5) .. controls (4,4.5) and (4,4.5) .. (4,5);

node[anchor=center] at (2,-0.5) {dilute weak acid};

end{scope}

draw[fill=black!10] (0,-1) circle (0.15) node[right=0.1cm] {Unionised};

draw (0,-1.5) circle (0.15) node[anchor=center] {$+$} node[right=0.1cm] {Positive Ion};

draw (0,-2) circle (0.15) node[anchor=center] {$-$} node[right=0.1cm] {Negative Ion}; 

end{tikzpicture}

vspace{-2cm}

caption{Concentrated and dilute solutions of weak and strong acids}

end{figure}

end{document}


enter image description here






share|improve this answer





















  • I may have misunderstood something, but is the only thing that was changed was the addition of an ion style. I can't see where the cahnge was made to prevent the resetting of the list? I like to understand the code before I use it
    – sab hoque
    Dec 16 at 14:04






  • 2




    @sabhoque No, the original code has xdefxlist{4}xdefylist{4} part of fillrandomly. This resets the collision list, i.e. the list of previous positions of ions. Whenever a new ion is placed, fillrandomly checks if the would-be ion overlaps with one of the previous ones. If not, the ion is drawn. All I did was not to reset the list automatically. So in the first example the + ions also know where the - ions were. I only reset the list when I switch to the next container. The ion style allows you to draw the shaded circles with fillrandomly, too.
    – marmot
    Dec 16 at 14:09














6












6








6






It is clear why this happens: you draw two or more independent samples, so if you say e.g. 



fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{12}{$-$} 

fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{12}{$+$}


the + ions do not know about the - ones. But it is very simple to fix it. Just make the reset of the collision list not part of the fillrandomly, but do it whenever you start a new group. That is, I redefined fillrandomly such that it does not reset the collision list, and added a command resetlists that issues the reset. I also defined an ion style that gets changed along the way such that one can add the filled ions.



documentclass{article}

usepackage{tikz}

usepackage[margin=0.5in]{geometry}

newcommand{resetlists}{xdefxlist{4}xdefylist{4}}

newcommand{fillrandomly}[5]{

    pgfmathsetmacrodiametersqr{(#3*2)^2}

    foreach i in {1,...,#4}{

        foreach k in {1,...,20}{

            pgfmathsetmacrox{rnd*#1}

            pgfmathsetmacroy{rnd*#2}

            xdefcollision{0}

            foreach element [count=i] in xlist{

                pgfmathtruncatemacroj{i-1}

                pgfmathsetmacrocheckdistancesqr{ ( ({xlist}[j]-(x))^2 + ({ylist}[j]-(y))^2 ) }

                ifdimcheckdistancesqr pt<diametersqr pt

                    xdefcollision{1}

                    breakforeach

                fi

            }

            ifnumcollision=0

                xdefxlist{xlist,x}

                xdefylist{ylist,y}

                draw[ion] (x,y) circle [radius=#3] node[anchor=center] {#5};

                breakforeach

            fi 

        }

    }

}

begin{document}

begin{figure}

begin{tikzpicture}

begin{scope}[xshift=0.2cm,yshift=0.2cm]

resetlists

tikzset{ion/.style={}}

fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{12}{$-$}

fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{12}{$+$}

end{scope}

        draw (0,5) -- (0,1);

draw (0,1) .. controls (0,0) and (0,0) .. (1,0);

draw (1,0) -- (3,0);

draw (3,0) .. controls (4,0) and (4,0) .. (4,1);

draw (4,1) -- (4,5);

draw[densely dashed] (0,5) .. controls (0,4.5) and (0,4.5) .. (0.5,4.5);

draw[densely dashed] (0.5,4.5) -- (3.5,4.5);

draw[densely dashed] (3.5,4.5) .. controls (4,4.5) and (4,4.5) .. (4,5);

node[anchor=center] at (2,-0.5) {concentrated strong acid};



% 2

begin{scope}[xshift=5cm]

            foreach X in {1,...,3}

        {draw (2+1.8*rand,2+1.9*rand) circle (0.15) node[anchor=center] {$+$};

        draw (2+1.8*rand,2+1.9*rand) circle (0.15) node[anchor=center] {$-$};}

    draw (0,5) -- (0,1);

draw (0,1) .. controls (0,0) and (0,0) .. (1,0);

draw (1,0) -- (3,0);

draw (3,0) .. controls (4,0) and (4,0) .. (4,1);

draw (4,1) -- (4,5);

draw[densely dashed] (0,5) .. controls (0,4.5) and (0,4.5) .. (0.5,4.5);

draw[densely dashed] (0.5,4.5) -- (3.5,4.5);

draw[densely dashed] (3.5,4.5) .. controls (4,4.5) and (4,4.5) .. (4,5);

node[anchor=center] at (2,-0.5) {dilute strong acid};

end{scope}



% 3

begin{scope}[xshift=10cm]

begin{scope}[xshift=0.2cm,yshift=0.2cm]

resetlists

tikzset{ion/.style={}}

fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{8}{$-$}

fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{8}{$+$}

tikzset{ion/.style={fill=black!10}}

fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{8}{}

end{scope}

draw (0,5) -- (0,1);

draw (0,1) .. controls (0,0) and (0,0) .. (1,0);

draw (1,0) -- (3,0);

draw (3,0) .. controls (4,0) and (4,0) .. (4,1);

draw (4,1) -- (4,5);

draw[densely dashed] (0,5) .. controls (0,4.5) and (0,4.5) .. (0.5,4.5);

draw[densely dashed] (0.5,4.5) -- (3.5,4.5);

draw[densely dashed] (3.5,4.5) .. controls (4,4.5) and (4,4.5) .. (4,5);

node[anchor=center] at (2,-0.5) {concentrated weak acid};

end{scope}



%4

begin{scope}[xshift=15cm]

begin{scope}[xshift=0.2cm,yshift=0.2cm]

resetlists

tikzset{ion/.style={}}

fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{2}{$-$}

fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{2}{$+$}

tikzset{ion/.style={fill=black!10}}

fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{1}{}

end{scope}

draw (0,5) -- (0,1);

draw (0,1) .. controls (0,0) and (0,0) .. (1,0);

draw (1,0) -- (3,0);

draw (3,0) .. controls (4,0) and (4,0) .. (4,1);

draw (4,1) -- (4,5);

draw[densely dashed] (0,5) .. controls (0,4.5) and (0,4.5) .. (0.5,4.5);

draw[densely dashed] (0.5,4.5) -- (3.5,4.5);

draw[densely dashed] (3.5,4.5) .. controls (4,4.5) and (4,4.5) .. (4,5);

node[anchor=center] at (2,-0.5) {dilute weak acid};

end{scope}

draw[fill=black!10] (0,-1) circle (0.15) node[right=0.1cm] {Unionised};

draw (0,-1.5) circle (0.15) node[anchor=center] {$+$} node[right=0.1cm] {Positive Ion};

draw (0,-2) circle (0.15) node[anchor=center] {$-$} node[right=0.1cm] {Negative Ion}; 

end{tikzpicture}

vspace{-2cm}

caption{Concentrated and dilute solutions of weak and strong acids}

end{figure}

end{document}


enter image description here






share|improve this answer












It is clear why this happens: you draw two or more independent samples, so if you say e.g. 



fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{12}{$-$} 

fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{12}{$+$}


the + ions do not know about the - ones. But it is very simple to fix it. Just make the reset of the collision list not part of the fillrandomly, but do it whenever you start a new group. That is, I redefined fillrandomly such that it does not reset the collision list, and added a command resetlists that issues the reset. I also defined an ion style that gets changed along the way such that one can add the filled ions.



documentclass{article}

usepackage{tikz}

usepackage[margin=0.5in]{geometry}

newcommand{resetlists}{xdefxlist{4}xdefylist{4}}

newcommand{fillrandomly}[5]{

    pgfmathsetmacrodiametersqr{(#3*2)^2}

    foreach i in {1,...,#4}{

        foreach k in {1,...,20}{

            pgfmathsetmacrox{rnd*#1}

            pgfmathsetmacroy{rnd*#2}

            xdefcollision{0}

            foreach element [count=i] in xlist{

                pgfmathtruncatemacroj{i-1}

                pgfmathsetmacrocheckdistancesqr{ ( ({xlist}[j]-(x))^2 + ({ylist}[j]-(y))^2 ) }

                ifdimcheckdistancesqr pt<diametersqr pt

                    xdefcollision{1}

                    breakforeach

                fi

            }

            ifnumcollision=0

                xdefxlist{xlist,x}

                xdefylist{ylist,y}

                draw[ion] (x,y) circle [radius=#3] node[anchor=center] {#5};

                breakforeach

            fi 

        }

    }

}

begin{document}

begin{figure}

begin{tikzpicture}

begin{scope}[xshift=0.2cm,yshift=0.2cm]

resetlists

tikzset{ion/.style={}}

fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{12}{$-$}

fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{12}{$+$}

end{scope}

        draw (0,5) -- (0,1);

draw (0,1) .. controls (0,0) and (0,0) .. (1,0);

draw (1,0) -- (3,0);

draw (3,0) .. controls (4,0) and (4,0) .. (4,1);

draw (4,1) -- (4,5);

draw[densely dashed] (0,5) .. controls (0,4.5) and (0,4.5) .. (0.5,4.5);

draw[densely dashed] (0.5,4.5) -- (3.5,4.5);

draw[densely dashed] (3.5,4.5) .. controls (4,4.5) and (4,4.5) .. (4,5);

node[anchor=center] at (2,-0.5) {concentrated strong acid};



% 2

begin{scope}[xshift=5cm]

            foreach X in {1,...,3}

        {draw (2+1.8*rand,2+1.9*rand) circle (0.15) node[anchor=center] {$+$};

        draw (2+1.8*rand,2+1.9*rand) circle (0.15) node[anchor=center] {$-$};}

    draw (0,5) -- (0,1);

draw (0,1) .. controls (0,0) and (0,0) .. (1,0);

draw (1,0) -- (3,0);

draw (3,0) .. controls (4,0) and (4,0) .. (4,1);

draw (4,1) -- (4,5);

draw[densely dashed] (0,5) .. controls (0,4.5) and (0,4.5) .. (0.5,4.5);

draw[densely dashed] (0.5,4.5) -- (3.5,4.5);

draw[densely dashed] (3.5,4.5) .. controls (4,4.5) and (4,4.5) .. (4,5);

node[anchor=center] at (2,-0.5) {dilute strong acid};

end{scope}



% 3

begin{scope}[xshift=10cm]

begin{scope}[xshift=0.2cm,yshift=0.2cm]

resetlists

tikzset{ion/.style={}}

fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{8}{$-$}

fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{8}{$+$}

tikzset{ion/.style={fill=black!10}}

fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{8}{}

end{scope}

draw (0,5) -- (0,1);

draw (0,1) .. controls (0,0) and (0,0) .. (1,0);

draw (1,0) -- (3,0);

draw (3,0) .. controls (4,0) and (4,0) .. (4,1);

draw (4,1) -- (4,5);

draw[densely dashed] (0,5) .. controls (0,4.5) and (0,4.5) .. (0.5,4.5);

draw[densely dashed] (0.5,4.5) -- (3.5,4.5);

draw[densely dashed] (3.5,4.5) .. controls (4,4.5) and (4,4.5) .. (4,5);

node[anchor=center] at (2,-0.5) {concentrated weak acid};

end{scope}



%4

begin{scope}[xshift=15cm]

begin{scope}[xshift=0.2cm,yshift=0.2cm]

resetlists

tikzset{ion/.style={}}

fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{2}{$-$}

fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{2}{$+$}

tikzset{ion/.style={fill=black!10}}

fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{1}{}

end{scope}

draw (0,5) -- (0,1);

draw (0,1) .. controls (0,0) and (0,0) .. (1,0);

draw (1,0) -- (3,0);

draw (3,0) .. controls (4,0) and (4,0) .. (4,1);

draw (4,1) -- (4,5);

draw[densely dashed] (0,5) .. controls (0,4.5) and (0,4.5) .. (0.5,4.5);

draw[densely dashed] (0.5,4.5) -- (3.5,4.5);

draw[densely dashed] (3.5,4.5) .. controls (4,4.5) and (4,4.5) .. (4,5);

node[anchor=center] at (2,-0.5) {dilute weak acid};

end{scope}

draw[fill=black!10] (0,-1) circle (0.15) node[right=0.1cm] {Unionised};

draw (0,-1.5) circle (0.15) node[anchor=center] {$+$} node[right=0.1cm] {Positive Ion};

draw (0,-2) circle (0.15) node[anchor=center] {$-$} node[right=0.1cm] {Negative Ion}; 

end{tikzpicture}

vspace{-2cm}

caption{Concentrated and dilute solutions of weak and strong acids}

end{figure}

end{document}


enter image description here







share|improve this answer












share|improve this answer



share|improve this answer










answered Dec 16 at 13:20









marmot

85k495179




85k495179












  • I may have misunderstood something, but is the only thing that was changed was the addition of an ion style. I can't see where the cahnge was made to prevent the resetting of the list? I like to understand the code before I use it
    – sab hoque
    Dec 16 at 14:04






  • 2




    @sabhoque No, the original code has xdefxlist{4}xdefylist{4} part of fillrandomly. This resets the collision list, i.e. the list of previous positions of ions. Whenever a new ion is placed, fillrandomly checks if the would-be ion overlaps with one of the previous ones. If not, the ion is drawn. All I did was not to reset the list automatically. So in the first example the + ions also know where the - ions were. I only reset the list when I switch to the next container. The ion style allows you to draw the shaded circles with fillrandomly, too.
    – marmot
    Dec 16 at 14:09


















  • I may have misunderstood something, but is the only thing that was changed was the addition of an ion style. I can't see where the cahnge was made to prevent the resetting of the list? I like to understand the code before I use it
    – sab hoque
    Dec 16 at 14:04






  • 2




    @sabhoque No, the original code has xdefxlist{4}xdefylist{4} part of fillrandomly. This resets the collision list, i.e. the list of previous positions of ions. Whenever a new ion is placed, fillrandomly checks if the would-be ion overlaps with one of the previous ones. If not, the ion is drawn. All I did was not to reset the list automatically. So in the first example the + ions also know where the - ions were. I only reset the list when I switch to the next container. The ion style allows you to draw the shaded circles with fillrandomly, too.
    – marmot
    Dec 16 at 14:09
















I may have misunderstood something, but is the only thing that was changed was the addition of an ion style. I can't see where the cahnge was made to prevent the resetting of the list? I like to understand the code before I use it
– sab hoque
Dec 16 at 14:04




I may have misunderstood something, but is the only thing that was changed was the addition of an ion style. I can't see where the cahnge was made to prevent the resetting of the list? I like to understand the code before I use it
– sab hoque
Dec 16 at 14:04




2




2




@sabhoque No, the original code has xdefxlist{4}xdefylist{4} part of fillrandomly. This resets the collision list, i.e. the list of previous positions of ions. Whenever a new ion is placed, fillrandomly checks if the would-be ion overlaps with one of the previous ones. If not, the ion is drawn. All I did was not to reset the list automatically. So in the first example the + ions also know where the - ions were. I only reset the list when I switch to the next container. The ion style allows you to draw the shaded circles with fillrandomly, too.
– marmot
Dec 16 at 14:09




@sabhoque No, the original code has xdefxlist{4}xdefylist{4} part of fillrandomly. This resets the collision list, i.e. the list of previous positions of ions. Whenever a new ion is placed, fillrandomly checks if the would-be ion overlaps with one of the previous ones. If not, the ion is drawn. All I did was not to reset the list automatically. So in the first example the + ions also know where the - ions were. I only reset the list when I switch to the next container. The ion style allows you to draw the shaded circles with fillrandomly, too.
– marmot
Dec 16 at 14:09


















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