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I'm trying to install an external library for PyAstronomy using pip:

pip install PyAstronomy_ext

I do this via Anaconda command prompt.
The first time I ran the command the following errors appeared:

building 'PyAstronomy_ext.forTrans.occultnl' extension

error: extension 'PyAstronomy_ext.forTrans.occultnl' has Fortran sources but no Fortran compiler found



----------------------------------------

Failed building wheel for PyAstronomy-ext

and

Command "c:usersmatteanaconda3python.exe -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='C:\Users\matte\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-5pkiwi34\PyAstronomy-ext\setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('rn', 'n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" install --record C:UsersmatteAppDataLocalTemppip-record-bok3jklvinstall-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile" failed with error code 1 in C:UsersmatteAppDataLocalTemppip-install-5pkiwi34PyAstronomy-ext

So I checked on the internet and found this topic.
I installed MinGW and downloaded all the Fortran related packages, and to be sure I also wrote a test script and compiled it using gFortran, and it worked fine.

When I tried to run the installation again the same errors popped up.

The answer also mentions this:

After the installation, add the path to its binary to the system PATH.

but I can't understand what it means, I tried running the installation command from C:MinGWbin but the same error occur.

If you need the whole console dialogue that contains the errors:

Collecting PyAstronomy_ext

  Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/32/11/27b1fee690d7d5801580da2c25145a6fcce3ad3d0a1b8c41de09d5615825/PyAstronomy_ext-1.tar.gz

Requirement already satisfied: numpy in c:usersmatteanaconda3libsite-packages (from PyAstronomy_ext) (1.16.0)

Requirement already satisfied: six in c:usersmatteanaconda3libsite-packages (from PyAstronomy_ext) (1.11.0)

Building wheels for collected packages: PyAstronomy-ext

  Building wheel for PyAstronomy-ext (setup.py) ... error

  Complete output from command c:usersmatteanaconda3python.exe -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='C:\Users\matte\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-cg99ug7_\PyAstronomy-ext\setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('rn', 'n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" bdist_wheel -d C:UsersmatteAppDataLocalTemppip-wheel-0gj25_97 --python-tag cp36:

  running bdist_wheel

  running build

  running config_cc

  unifing config_cc, config, build_clib, build_ext, build commands --compiler options

  running config_fc

  unifing config_fc, config, build_clib, build_ext, build commands --fcompiler options

  running build_src

  build_src

  building extension "PyAstronomy_ext.forTrans.occultnl" sources

  f2py options: 

    adding 'buildsrc.win-amd64-3.6buildsrc.win-amd64-3.6PyAstronomy_extforTransfortranobject.c' to sources.

    adding 'buildsrc.win-amd64-3.6buildsrc.win-amd64-3.6PyAstronomy_extforTrans' to include_dirs.

  building extension "PyAstronomy_ext.forTrans.occultquad" sources

  f2py options: 

    adding 'buildsrc.win-amd64-3.6buildsrc.win-amd64-3.6PyAstronomy_extforTransfortranobject.c' to sources.

    adding 'buildsrc.win-amd64-3.6buildsrc.win-amd64-3.6PyAstronomy_extforTrans' to include_dirs.

    adding 'buildsrc.win-amd64-3.6PyAstronomy_extforTransoccultquad-f2pywrappers.f' to sources.

  build_src: building npy-pkg config files

  running build_py

  creating buildlib.win-amd64-3.6

  creating buildlib.win-amd64-3.6PyAstronomy_ext

  copying PyAstronomy_ext__init__.py -> buildlib.win-amd64-3.6PyAstronomy_ext

  creating buildlib.win-amd64-3.6PyAstronomy_extforTrans

  copying PyAstronomy_extforTrans__init__.py -> buildlib.win-amd64-3.6PyAstronomy_extforTrans

  running build_ext

  No module named 'numpy.distutils._msvccompiler' in numpy.distutils; trying from distutils

  customize MSVCCompiler

  customize MSVCCompiler using build_ext

  get_default_fcompiler: matching types: '['gnu', 'intelv', 'absoft', 'compaqv', 'intelev', 'gnu95', 'g95', 'intelvem', 'intelem', 'flang']'

  customize GnuFCompiler

  Could not locate executable g77

  Could not locate executable f77

  customize IntelVisualFCompiler

  Could not locate executable ifort

  Could not locate executable ifl

  customize AbsoftFCompiler

  Could not locate executable f90

  customize CompaqVisualFCompiler

  Could not locate executable DF

  customize IntelItaniumVisualFCompiler

  Could not locate executable efl

  customize Gnu95FCompiler

  Could not locate executable gfortran

  Could not locate executable f95

  customize G95FCompiler

  Could not locate executable g95

  customize IntelEM64VisualFCompiler

  customize IntelEM64TFCompiler

  Could not locate executable efort

  Could not locate executable efc

  customize PGroupFlangCompiler

  Could not locate executable flang

  don't know how to compile Fortran code on platform 'nt'

  warning: build_ext: f77_compiler=None is not available.



  building 'PyAstronomy_ext.forTrans.occultnl' extension

  error: extension 'PyAstronomy_ext.forTrans.occultnl' has Fortran sources but no Fortran compiler found



  ----------------------------------------

  Failed building wheel for PyAstronomy-ext

  Running setup.py clean for PyAstronomy-ext

Failed to build PyAstronomy-ext

Installing collected packages: PyAstronomy-ext

  Running setup.py install for PyAstronomy-ext ... error

    Complete output from command c:usersmatteanaconda3python.exe -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='C:\Users\matte\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-cg99ug7_\PyAstronomy-ext\setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('rn', 'n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" install --record C:UsersmatteAppDataLocalTemppip-record-5q39xvkiinstall-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile:

    running install

    running build

    running config_cc

    unifing config_cc, config, build_clib, build_ext, build commands --compiler options

    running config_fc

    unifing config_fc, config, build_clib, build_ext, build commands --fcompiler options

    running build_src

    build_src

    building extension "PyAstronomy_ext.forTrans.occultnl" sources

    f2py options: 

      adding 'buildsrc.win-amd64-3.6buildsrc.win-amd64-3.6PyAstronomy_extforTransfortranobject.c' to sources.

      adding 'buildsrc.win-amd64-3.6buildsrc.win-amd64-3.6PyAstronomy_extforTrans' to include_dirs.

    building extension "PyAstronomy_ext.forTrans.occultquad" sources

    f2py options: 

      adding 'buildsrc.win-amd64-3.6buildsrc.win-amd64-3.6PyAstronomy_extforTransfortranobject.c' to sources.

      adding 'buildsrc.win-amd64-3.6buildsrc.win-amd64-3.6PyAstronomy_extforTrans' to include_dirs.

      adding 'buildsrc.win-amd64-3.6PyAstronomy_extforTransoccultquad-f2pywrappers.f' to sources.

    build_src: building npy-pkg config files

    running build_py

    creating buildlib.win-amd64-3.6

    creating buildlib.win-amd64-3.6PyAstronomy_ext

    copying PyAstronomy_ext__init__.py -> buildlib.win-amd64-3.6PyAstronomy_ext

    creating buildlib.win-amd64-3.6PyAstronomy_extforTrans

    copying PyAstronomy_extforTrans__init__.py -> buildlib.win-amd64-3.6PyAstronomy_extforTrans

    running build_ext

    No module named 'numpy.distutils._msvccompiler' in numpy.distutils; trying from distutils

    customize MSVCCompiler

    customize MSVCCompiler using build_ext

    get_default_fcompiler: matching types: '['gnu', 'intelv', 'absoft', 'compaqv', 'intelev', 'gnu95', 'g95', 'intelvem', 'intelem', 'flang']'

    customize GnuFCompiler

    Could not locate executable g77

    Could not locate executable f77

    customize IntelVisualFCompiler

    Could not locate executable ifort

    Could not locate executable ifl

    customize AbsoftFCompiler

    Could not locate executable f90

    customize CompaqVisualFCompiler

    Could not locate executable DF

    customize IntelItaniumVisualFCompiler

    Could not locate executable efl

    customize Gnu95FCompiler

    Could not locate executable gfortran

    Could not locate executable f95

    customize G95FCompiler

    Could not locate executable g95

    customize IntelEM64VisualFCompiler

    customize IntelEM64TFCompiler

    Could not locate executable efort

    Could not locate executable efc

    customize PGroupFlangCompiler

    Could not locate executable flang

    don't know how to compile Fortran code on platform 'nt'

    warning: build_ext: f77_compiler=None is not available.



    building 'PyAstronomy_ext.forTrans.occultnl' extension

    error: extension 'PyAstronomy_ext.forTrans.occultnl' has Fortran sources but no Fortran compiler found



    ----------------------------------------

Command "c:usersmatteanaconda3python.exe -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='C:\Users\matte\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-cg99ug7_\PyAstronomy-ext\setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('rn', 'n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" install --record C:UsersmatteAppDataLocalTemppip-record-5q39xvkiinstall-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile" failed with error code 1 in C:UsersmatteAppDataLocalTemppip-install-cg99ug7_PyAstronomy-ext

EDIT: I was able to solve the problem by doing some digging, I had to write a distutils.cfg file in C:...Anaconda3Libdistutils with the following:

[build]           

compiler=mingw32 

And then run the following commands from Anaconda prompt:

conda install libpython

conda install -c msys2 m2w64-toolchain

After that pip install PyAstronomy_ext worked perfectly.

I'm leaving this here in case anyone encounters this problem.