How to stop overlap between different circles randomly generated
6
This question is similar to this question tikz: Distribute evenly and randomly circles (which is also where I got some of the code for this TiKz picture) but is different. I wish to draw multiple circles that do not overlap but some of these circles are different. Currently this is my code:
documentclass{article}
usepackage{tikz}
usepackage[margin=0.5in]{geometry}
newcommand{fillrandomly}[5]{
xdefxlist{4}
xdefylist{4}
pgfmathsetmacrodiametersqr{(#3*2)^2}
foreach i in {1,...,#4}{
foreach k in {1,...,20}{
pgfmathsetmacrox{rnd*#1}
pgfmathsetmacroy{rnd*#2}
xdefcollision{0}
foreach element [count=i] in xlist{
pgfmathtruncatemacroj{i-1}
pgfmathsetmacrocheckdistancesqr{ ( ({xlist}[j]-(x))^2 + ({ylist}[j]-(y))^2 ) }
ifdimcheckdistancesqr pt<diametersqr pt
xdefcollision{1}
breakforeach
fi
}
ifnumcollision=0
xdefxlist{xlist,x}
xdefylist{ylist,y}
draw (x,y) circle [radius=#3] node[anchor=center] {#5};
breakforeach
fi
}
}
}
begin{document}
begin{figure}
begin{tikzpicture}
begin{scope}[xshift=0.2cm,yshift=0.2cm]
fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{12}{$-$}
fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{12}{$+$}
end{scope}
draw (0,5) -- (0,1);
draw (0,1) .. controls (0,0) and (0,0) .. (1,0);
draw (1,0) -- (3,0);
draw (3,0) .. controls (4,0) and (4,0) .. (4,1);
draw (4,1) -- (4,5);
draw[densely dashed] (0,5) .. controls (0,4.5) and (0,4.5) .. (0.5,4.5);
draw[densely dashed] (0.5,4.5) -- (3.5,4.5);
draw[densely dashed] (3.5,4.5) .. controls (4,4.5) and (4,4.5) .. (4,5);
node[anchor=center] at (2,-0.5) {concentrated strong acid};
begin{scope}[xshift=5cm]
foreach X in {1,...,3}
{draw (2+1.8*rand,2+1.9*rand) circle (0.15) node[anchor=center] {$+$};
draw (2+1.8*rand,2+1.9*rand) circle (0.15) node[anchor=center] {$-$};}
draw (0,5) -- (0,1);
draw (0,1) .. controls (0,0) and (0,0) .. (1,0);
draw (1,0) -- (3,0);
draw (3,0) .. controls (4,0) and (4,0) .. (4,1);
draw (4,1) -- (4,5);
draw[densely dashed] (0,5) .. controls (0,4.5) and (0,4.5) .. (0.5,4.5);
draw[densely dashed] (0.5,4.5) -- (3.5,4.5);
draw[densely dashed] (3.5,4.5) .. controls (4,4.5) and (4,4.5) .. (4,5);
node[anchor=center] at (2,-0.5) {dilute strong acid};
end{scope}
begin{scope}[xshift=10cm]
begin{scope}[xshift=0.2cm,yshift=0.2cm]
fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{8}{$-$}
fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{8}{$+$}
end{scope}
foreach X in {1,...,8}
{
draw[fill=black!10] (2+1.8*rand,2+1.9*rand) circle (0.15);
}
draw (0,5) -- (0,1);
draw (0,1) .. controls (0,0) and (0,0) .. (1,0);
draw (1,0) -- (3,0);
draw (3,0) .. controls (4,0) and (4,0) .. (4,1);
draw (4,1) -- (4,5);
draw[densely dashed] (0,5) .. controls (0,4.5) and (0,4.5) .. (0.5,4.5);
draw[densely dashed] (0.5,4.5) -- (3.5,4.5);
draw[densely dashed] (3.5,4.5) .. controls (4,4.5) and (4,4.5) .. (4,5);
node[anchor=center] at (2,-0.5) {concentrated weak acid};
end{scope}
begin{scope}[xshift=15cm]
foreach X in {1,...,2}
{draw (2+1.8*rand,2+1.9*rand) circle (0.15) node[anchor=center] {$+$};
draw (2+1.8*rand,2+1.9*rand) circle (0.15) node[anchor=center] {$-$};}
draw[fill=black!10] (2+1.8*rand,2+1.9*rand) circle (0.15);
draw (0,5) -- (0,1);
draw (0,1) .. controls (0,0) and (0,0) .. (1,0);
draw (1,0) -- (3,0);
draw (3,0) .. controls (4,0) and (4,0) .. (4,1);
draw (4,1) -- (4,5);
draw[densely dashed] (0,5) .. controls (0,4.5) and (0,4.5) .. (0.5,4.5);
draw[densely dashed] (0.5,4.5) -- (3.5,4.5);
draw[densely dashed] (3.5,4.5) .. controls (4,4.5) and (4,4.5) .. (4,5);
node[anchor=center] at (2,-0.5) {dilute weak acid};
end{scope}
draw[fill=black!10] (0,-1) circle (0.15) node[right=0.1cm] {Unionised};
draw (0,-1.5) circle (0.15) node[anchor=center] {$+$} node[right=0.1cm] {Positive Ion};
draw (0,-2) circle (0.15) node[anchor=center] {$-$} node[right=0.1cm] {Negative Ion};
end{tikzpicture}
vspace{-2cm}
caption{Concentrated and dilute solutions of weak and strong acids}
end{figure}
end{document}
Which produces this image:
I am unsure how to stop overlapping between the three different types of circles especially in the first and third beaker counting from the left. XeLaTeX answer please
tikz-pgf
asked Dec 16 at 12:07
sab hoque
1,255318
add a comment |
6
This question is similar to this question tikz: Distribute evenly and randomly circles (which is also where I got some of the code for this TiKz picture) but is different. I wish to draw multiple circles that do not overlap but some of these circles are different. Currently this is my code:
documentclass{article}
usepackage{tikz}
usepackage[margin=0.5in]{geometry}
newcommand{fillrandomly}[5]{
xdefxlist{4}
xdefylist{4}
pgfmathsetmacrodiametersqr{(#3*2)^2}
foreach i in {1,...,#4}{
foreach k in {1,...,20}{
pgfmathsetmacrox{rnd*#1}
pgfmathsetmacroy{rnd*#2}
xdefcollision{0}
foreach element [count=i] in xlist{
pgfmathtruncatemacroj{i-1}
pgfmathsetmacrocheckdistancesqr{ ( ({xlist}[j]-(x))^2 + ({ylist}[j]-(y))^2 ) }
ifdimcheckdistancesqr pt<diametersqr pt
xdefcollision{1}
breakforeach
fi
}
ifnumcollision=0
xdefxlist{xlist,x}
xdefylist{ylist,y}
draw (x,y) circle [radius=#3] node[anchor=center] {#5};
breakforeach
fi
}
}
}
begin{document}
begin{figure}
begin{tikzpicture}
begin{scope}[xshift=0.2cm,yshift=0.2cm]
fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{12}{$-$}
fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{12}{$+$}
end{scope}
draw (0,5) -- (0,1);
draw (0,1) .. controls (0,0) and (0,0) .. (1,0);
draw (1,0) -- (3,0);
draw (3,0) .. controls (4,0) and (4,0) .. (4,1);
draw (4,1) -- (4,5);
draw[densely dashed] (0,5) .. controls (0,4.5) and (0,4.5) .. (0.5,4.5);
draw[densely dashed] (0.5,4.5) -- (3.5,4.5);
draw[densely dashed] (3.5,4.5) .. controls (4,4.5) and (4,4.5) .. (4,5);
node[anchor=center] at (2,-0.5) {concentrated strong acid};
begin{scope}[xshift=5cm]
foreach X in {1,...,3}
{draw (2+1.8*rand,2+1.9*rand) circle (0.15) node[anchor=center] {$+$};
draw (2+1.8*rand,2+1.9*rand) circle (0.15) node[anchor=center] {$-$};}
draw (0,5) -- (0,1);
draw (0,1) .. controls (0,0) and (0,0) .. (1,0);
draw (1,0) -- (3,0);
draw (3,0) .. controls (4,0) and (4,0) .. (4,1);
draw (4,1) -- (4,5);
draw[densely dashed] (0,5) .. controls (0,4.5) and (0,4.5) .. (0.5,4.5);
draw[densely dashed] (0.5,4.5) -- (3.5,4.5);
draw[densely dashed] (3.5,4.5) .. controls (4,4.5) and (4,4.5) .. (4,5);
node[anchor=center] at (2,-0.5) {dilute strong acid};
end{scope}
begin{scope}[xshift=10cm]
begin{scope}[xshift=0.2cm,yshift=0.2cm]
fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{8}{$-$}
fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{8}{$+$}
end{scope}
foreach X in {1,...,8}
{
draw[fill=black!10] (2+1.8*rand,2+1.9*rand) circle (0.15);
}
draw (0,5) -- (0,1);
draw (0,1) .. controls (0,0) and (0,0) .. (1,0);
draw (1,0) -- (3,0);
draw (3,0) .. controls (4,0) and (4,0) .. (4,1);
draw (4,1) -- (4,5);
draw[densely dashed] (0,5) .. controls (0,4.5) and (0,4.5) .. (0.5,4.5);
draw[densely dashed] (0.5,4.5) -- (3.5,4.5);
draw[densely dashed] (3.5,4.5) .. controls (4,4.5) and (4,4.5) .. (4,5);
node[anchor=center] at (2,-0.5) {concentrated weak acid};
end{scope}
begin{scope}[xshift=15cm]
foreach X in {1,...,2}
{draw (2+1.8*rand,2+1.9*rand) circle (0.15) node[anchor=center] {$+$};
draw (2+1.8*rand,2+1.9*rand) circle (0.15) node[anchor=center] {$-$};}
draw[fill=black!10] (2+1.8*rand,2+1.9*rand) circle (0.15);
draw (0,5) -- (0,1);
draw (0,1) .. controls (0,0) and (0,0) .. (1,0);
draw (1,0) -- (3,0);
draw (3,0) .. controls (4,0) and (4,0) .. (4,1);
draw (4,1) -- (4,5);
draw[densely dashed] (0,5) .. controls (0,4.5) and (0,4.5) .. (0.5,4.5);
draw[densely dashed] (0.5,4.5) -- (3.5,4.5);
draw[densely dashed] (3.5,4.5) .. controls (4,4.5) and (4,4.5) .. (4,5);
node[anchor=center] at (2,-0.5) {dilute weak acid};
end{scope}
draw[fill=black!10] (0,-1) circle (0.15) node[right=0.1cm] {Unionised};
draw (0,-1.5) circle (0.15) node[anchor=center] {$+$} node[right=0.1cm] {Positive Ion};
draw (0,-2) circle (0.15) node[anchor=center] {$-$} node[right=0.1cm] {Negative Ion};
end{tikzpicture}
vspace{-2cm}
caption{Concentrated and dilute solutions of weak and strong acids}
end{figure}
end{document}
Which produces this image:
I am unsure how to stop overlapping between the three different types of circles especially in the first and third beaker counting from the left. XeLaTeX answer please
tikz-pgf
asked Dec 16 at 12:07
sab hoque
1,255318
Lualatex ok?...
– JPi
Dec 16 at 12:23
Sorry I prefer XeLaTeX, forgot to mention
– sab hoque
Dec 16 at 12:23
add a comment |
6
6
6
1
This question is similar to this question tikz: Distribute evenly and randomly circles (which is also where I got some of the code for this TiKz picture) but is different. I wish to draw multiple circles that do not overlap but some of these circles are different. Currently this is my code:
documentclass{article}
usepackage{tikz}
usepackage[margin=0.5in]{geometry}
newcommand{fillrandomly}[5]{
xdefxlist{4}
xdefylist{4}
pgfmathsetmacrodiametersqr{(#3*2)^2}
foreach i in {1,...,#4}{
foreach k in {1,...,20}{
pgfmathsetmacrox{rnd*#1}
pgfmathsetmacroy{rnd*#2}
xdefcollision{0}
foreach element [count=i] in xlist{
pgfmathtruncatemacroj{i-1}
pgfmathsetmacrocheckdistancesqr{ ( ({xlist}[j]-(x))^2 + ({ylist}[j]-(y))^2 ) }
ifdimcheckdistancesqr pt<diametersqr pt
xdefcollision{1}
breakforeach
fi
}
ifnumcollision=0
xdefxlist{xlist,x}
xdefylist{ylist,y}
draw (x,y) circle [radius=#3] node[anchor=center] {#5};
breakforeach
fi
}
}
}
begin{document}
begin{figure}
begin{tikzpicture}
begin{scope}[xshift=0.2cm,yshift=0.2cm]
fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{12}{$-$}
fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{12}{$+$}
end{scope}
draw (0,5) -- (0,1);
draw (0,1) .. controls (0,0) and (0,0) .. (1,0);
draw (1,0) -- (3,0);
draw (3,0) .. controls (4,0) and (4,0) .. (4,1);
draw (4,1) -- (4,5);
draw[densely dashed] (0,5) .. controls (0,4.5) and (0,4.5) .. (0.5,4.5);
draw[densely dashed] (0.5,4.5) -- (3.5,4.5);
draw[densely dashed] (3.5,4.5) .. controls (4,4.5) and (4,4.5) .. (4,5);
node[anchor=center] at (2,-0.5) {concentrated strong acid};
begin{scope}[xshift=5cm]
foreach X in {1,...,3}
{draw (2+1.8*rand,2+1.9*rand) circle (0.15) node[anchor=center] {$+$};
draw (2+1.8*rand,2+1.9*rand) circle (0.15) node[anchor=center] {$-$};}
draw (0,5) -- (0,1);
draw (0,1) .. controls (0,0) and (0,0) .. (1,0);
draw (1,0) -- (3,0);
draw (3,0) .. controls (4,0) and (4,0) .. (4,1);
draw (4,1) -- (4,5);
draw[densely dashed] (0,5) .. controls (0,4.5) and (0,4.5) .. (0.5,4.5);
draw[densely dashed] (0.5,4.5) -- (3.5,4.5);
draw[densely dashed] (3.5,4.5) .. controls (4,4.5) and (4,4.5) .. (4,5);
node[anchor=center] at (2,-0.5) {dilute strong acid};
end{scope}
begin{scope}[xshift=10cm]
begin{scope}[xshift=0.2cm,yshift=0.2cm]
fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{8}{$-$}
fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{8}{$+$}
end{scope}
foreach X in {1,...,8}
{
draw[fill=black!10] (2+1.8*rand,2+1.9*rand) circle (0.15);
}
draw (0,5) -- (0,1);
draw (0,1) .. controls (0,0) and (0,0) .. (1,0);
draw (1,0) -- (3,0);
draw (3,0) .. controls (4,0) and (4,0) .. (4,1);
draw (4,1) -- (4,5);
draw[densely dashed] (0,5) .. controls (0,4.5) and (0,4.5) .. (0.5,4.5);
draw[densely dashed] (0.5,4.5) -- (3.5,4.5);
draw[densely dashed] (3.5,4.5) .. controls (4,4.5) and (4,4.5) .. (4,5);
node[anchor=center] at (2,-0.5) {concentrated weak acid};
end{scope}
begin{scope}[xshift=15cm]
foreach X in {1,...,2}
{draw (2+1.8*rand,2+1.9*rand) circle (0.15) node[anchor=center] {$+$};
draw (2+1.8*rand,2+1.9*rand) circle (0.15) node[anchor=center] {$-$};}
draw[fill=black!10] (2+1.8*rand,2+1.9*rand) circle (0.15);
draw (0,5) -- (0,1);
draw (0,1) .. controls (0,0) and (0,0) .. (1,0);
draw (1,0) -- (3,0);
draw (3,0) .. controls (4,0) and (4,0) .. (4,1);
draw (4,1) -- (4,5);
draw[densely dashed] (0,5) .. controls (0,4.5) and (0,4.5) .. (0.5,4.5);
draw[densely dashed] (0.5,4.5) -- (3.5,4.5);
draw[densely dashed] (3.5,4.5) .. controls (4,4.5) and (4,4.5) .. (4,5);
node[anchor=center] at (2,-0.5) {dilute weak acid};
end{scope}
draw[fill=black!10] (0,-1) circle (0.15) node[right=0.1cm] {Unionised};
draw (0,-1.5) circle (0.15) node[anchor=center] {$+$} node[right=0.1cm] {Positive Ion};
draw (0,-2) circle (0.15) node[anchor=center] {$-$} node[right=0.1cm] {Negative Ion};
end{tikzpicture}
vspace{-2cm}
caption{Concentrated and dilute solutions of weak and strong acids}
end{figure}
end{document}
Which produces this image:
I am unsure how to stop overlapping between the three different types of circles especially in the first and third beaker counting from the left. XeLaTeX answer please
tikz-pgf
asked Dec 16 at 12:07
sab hoque
1,255318
This question is similar to this question tikz: Distribute evenly and randomly circles (which is also where I got some of the code for this TiKz picture) but is different. I wish to draw multiple circles that do not overlap but some of these circles are different. Currently this is my code:
documentclass{article}
usepackage{tikz}
usepackage[margin=0.5in]{geometry}
newcommand{fillrandomly}[5]{
xdefxlist{4}
xdefylist{4}
pgfmathsetmacrodiametersqr{(#3*2)^2}
foreach i in {1,...,#4}{
foreach k in {1,...,20}{
pgfmathsetmacrox{rnd*#1}
pgfmathsetmacroy{rnd*#2}
xdefcollision{0}
foreach element [count=i] in xlist{
pgfmathtruncatemacroj{i-1}
pgfmathsetmacrocheckdistancesqr{ ( ({xlist}[j]-(x))^2 + ({ylist}[j]-(y))^2 ) }
ifdimcheckdistancesqr pt<diametersqr pt
xdefcollision{1}
breakforeach
fi
}
ifnumcollision=0
xdefxlist{xlist,x}
xdefylist{ylist,y}
draw (x,y) circle [radius=#3] node[anchor=center] {#5};
breakforeach
fi
}
}
}
begin{document}
begin{figure}
begin{tikzpicture}
begin{scope}[xshift=0.2cm,yshift=0.2cm]
fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{12}{$-$}
fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{12}{$+$}
end{scope}
draw (0,5) -- (0,1);
draw (0,1) .. controls (0,0) and (0,0) .. (1,0);
draw (1,0) -- (3,0);
draw (3,0) .. controls (4,0) and (4,0) .. (4,1);
draw (4,1) -- (4,5);
draw[densely dashed] (0,5) .. controls (0,4.5) and (0,4.5) .. (0.5,4.5);
draw[densely dashed] (0.5,4.5) -- (3.5,4.5);
draw[densely dashed] (3.5,4.5) .. controls (4,4.5) and (4,4.5) .. (4,5);
node[anchor=center] at (2,-0.5) {concentrated strong acid};
begin{scope}[xshift=5cm]
foreach X in {1,...,3}
{draw (2+1.8*rand,2+1.9*rand) circle (0.15) node[anchor=center] {$+$};
draw (2+1.8*rand,2+1.9*rand) circle (0.15) node[anchor=center] {$-$};}
draw (0,5) -- (0,1);
draw (0,1) .. controls (0,0) and (0,0) .. (1,0);
draw (1,0) -- (3,0);
draw (3,0) .. controls (4,0) and (4,0) .. (4,1);
draw (4,1) -- (4,5);
draw[densely dashed] (0,5) .. controls (0,4.5) and (0,4.5) .. (0.5,4.5);
draw[densely dashed] (0.5,4.5) -- (3.5,4.5);
draw[densely dashed] (3.5,4.5) .. controls (4,4.5) and (4,4.5) .. (4,5);
node[anchor=center] at (2,-0.5) {dilute strong acid};
end{scope}
begin{scope}[xshift=10cm]
begin{scope}[xshift=0.2cm,yshift=0.2cm]
fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{8}{$-$}
fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{8}{$+$}
end{scope}
foreach X in {1,...,8}
{
draw[fill=black!10] (2+1.8*rand,2+1.9*rand) circle (0.15);
}
draw (0,5) -- (0,1);
draw (0,1) .. controls (0,0) and (0,0) .. (1,0);
draw (1,0) -- (3,0);
draw (3,0) .. controls (4,0) and (4,0) .. (4,1);
draw (4,1) -- (4,5);
draw[densely dashed] (0,5) .. controls (0,4.5) and (0,4.5) .. (0.5,4.5);
draw[densely dashed] (0.5,4.5) -- (3.5,4.5);
draw[densely dashed] (3.5,4.5) .. controls (4,4.5) and (4,4.5) .. (4,5);
node[anchor=center] at (2,-0.5) {concentrated weak acid};
end{scope}
begin{scope}[xshift=15cm]
foreach X in {1,...,2}
{draw (2+1.8*rand,2+1.9*rand) circle (0.15) node[anchor=center] {$+$};
draw (2+1.8*rand,2+1.9*rand) circle (0.15) node[anchor=center] {$-$};}
draw[fill=black!10] (2+1.8*rand,2+1.9*rand) circle (0.15);
draw (0,5) -- (0,1);
draw (0,1) .. controls (0,0) and (0,0) .. (1,0);
draw (1,0) -- (3,0);
draw (3,0) .. controls (4,0) and (4,0) .. (4,1);
draw (4,1) -- (4,5);
draw[densely dashed] (0,5) .. controls (0,4.5) and (0,4.5) .. (0.5,4.5);
draw[densely dashed] (0.5,4.5) -- (3.5,4.5);
draw[densely dashed] (3.5,4.5) .. controls (4,4.5) and (4,4.5) .. (4,5);
node[anchor=center] at (2,-0.5) {dilute weak acid};
end{scope}
draw[fill=black!10] (0,-1) circle (0.15) node[right=0.1cm] {Unionised};
draw (0,-1.5) circle (0.15) node[anchor=center] {$+$} node[right=0.1cm] {Positive Ion};
draw (0,-2) circle (0.15) node[anchor=center] {$-$} node[right=0.1cm] {Negative Ion};
end{tikzpicture}
vspace{-2cm}
caption{Concentrated and dilute solutions of weak and strong acids}
end{figure}
end{document}
Which produces this image:
I am unsure how to stop overlapping between the three different types of circles especially in the first and third beaker counting from the left. XeLaTeX answer please
tikz-pgf
tikz-pgf
asked Dec 16 at 12:07
sab hoque
1,255318
asked Dec 16 at 12:07
sab hoque
1,255318
edited Dec 16 at 12:26
asked Dec 16 at 12:07
sab hoque
1,255318
asked Dec 16 at 12:07
sab hoque
1,255318
asked Dec 16 at 12:07
sab hoque
1,255318
1,255318
Lualatex ok?...
– JPi
Dec 16 at 12:23
Sorry I prefer XeLaTeX, forgot to mention
– sab hoque
Dec 16 at 12:23
add a comment |
Lualatex ok?...
– JPi
Dec 16 at 12:23
Sorry I prefer XeLaTeX, forgot to mention
– sab hoque
Dec 16 at 12:23
Lualatex ok?...
– JPi
Dec 16 at 12:23
Lualatex ok?...
– JPi
Dec 16 at 12:23
Sorry I prefer XeLaTeX, forgot to mention
– sab hoque
Dec 16 at 12:23
Sorry I prefer XeLaTeX, forgot to mention
– sab hoque
Dec 16 at 12:23
add a comment |
1 Answer
1
active
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6
It is clear why this happens: you draw two or more independent samples, so if you say e.g.
fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{12}{$-$}
fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{12}{$+$}
the + ions do not know about the - ones. But it is very simple to fix it. Just make the reset of the collision list not part of the fillrandomly, but do it whenever you start a new group. That is, I redefined fillrandomly such that it does not reset the collision list, and added a command resetlists that issues the reset. I also defined an ion style that gets changed along the way such that one can add the filled ions.
documentclass{article}
usepackage{tikz}
usepackage[margin=0.5in]{geometry}
newcommand{resetlists}{xdefxlist{4}xdefylist{4}}
newcommand{fillrandomly}[5]{
pgfmathsetmacrodiametersqr{(#3*2)^2}
foreach i in {1,...,#4}{
foreach k in {1,...,20}{
pgfmathsetmacrox{rnd*#1}
pgfmathsetmacroy{rnd*#2}
xdefcollision{0}
foreach element [count=i] in xlist{
pgfmathtruncatemacroj{i-1}
pgfmathsetmacrocheckdistancesqr{ ( ({xlist}[j]-(x))^2 + ({ylist}[j]-(y))^2 ) }
ifdimcheckdistancesqr pt<diametersqr pt
xdefcollision{1}
breakforeach
fi
}
ifnumcollision=0
xdefxlist{xlist,x}
xdefylist{ylist,y}
draw[ion] (x,y) circle [radius=#3] node[anchor=center] {#5};
breakforeach
fi
}
}
}
begin{document}
begin{figure}
begin{tikzpicture}
begin{scope}[xshift=0.2cm,yshift=0.2cm]
resetlists
tikzset{ion/.style={}}
fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{12}{$-$}
fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{12}{$+$}
end{scope}
draw (0,5) -- (0,1);
draw (0,1) .. controls (0,0) and (0,0) .. (1,0);
draw (1,0) -- (3,0);
draw (3,0) .. controls (4,0) and (4,0) .. (4,1);
draw (4,1) -- (4,5);
draw[densely dashed] (0,5) .. controls (0,4.5) and (0,4.5) .. (0.5,4.5);
draw[densely dashed] (0.5,4.5) -- (3.5,4.5);
draw[densely dashed] (3.5,4.5) .. controls (4,4.5) and (4,4.5) .. (4,5);
node[anchor=center] at (2,-0.5) {concentrated strong acid};
% 2
begin{scope}[xshift=5cm]
foreach X in {1,...,3}
{draw (2+1.8*rand,2+1.9*rand) circle (0.15) node[anchor=center] {$+$};
draw (2+1.8*rand,2+1.9*rand) circle (0.15) node[anchor=center] {$-$};}
draw (0,5) -- (0,1);
draw (0,1) .. controls (0,0) and (0,0) .. (1,0);
draw (1,0) -- (3,0);
draw (3,0) .. controls (4,0) and (4,0) .. (4,1);
draw (4,1) -- (4,5);
draw[densely dashed] (0,5) .. controls (0,4.5) and (0,4.5) .. (0.5,4.5);
draw[densely dashed] (0.5,4.5) -- (3.5,4.5);
draw[densely dashed] (3.5,4.5) .. controls (4,4.5) and (4,4.5) .. (4,5);
node[anchor=center] at (2,-0.5) {dilute strong acid};
end{scope}
% 3
begin{scope}[xshift=10cm]
begin{scope}[xshift=0.2cm,yshift=0.2cm]
resetlists
tikzset{ion/.style={}}
fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{8}{$-$}
fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{8}{$+$}
tikzset{ion/.style={fill=black!10}}
fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{8}{}
end{scope}
draw (0,5) -- (0,1);
draw (0,1) .. controls (0,0) and (0,0) .. (1,0);
draw (1,0) -- (3,0);
draw (3,0) .. controls (4,0) and (4,0) .. (4,1);
draw (4,1) -- (4,5);
draw[densely dashed] (0,5) .. controls (0,4.5) and (0,4.5) .. (0.5,4.5);
draw[densely dashed] (0.5,4.5) -- (3.5,4.5);
draw[densely dashed] (3.5,4.5) .. controls (4,4.5) and (4,4.5) .. (4,5);
node[anchor=center] at (2,-0.5) {concentrated weak acid};
end{scope}
%4
begin{scope}[xshift=15cm]
begin{scope}[xshift=0.2cm,yshift=0.2cm]
resetlists
tikzset{ion/.style={}}
fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{2}{$-$}
fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{2}{$+$}
tikzset{ion/.style={fill=black!10}}
fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{1}{}
end{scope}
draw (0,5) -- (0,1);
draw (0,1) .. controls (0,0) and (0,0) .. (1,0);
draw (1,0) -- (3,0);
draw (3,0) .. controls (4,0) and (4,0) .. (4,1);
draw (4,1) -- (4,5);
draw[densely dashed] (0,5) .. controls (0,4.5) and (0,4.5) .. (0.5,4.5);
draw[densely dashed] (0.5,4.5) -- (3.5,4.5);
draw[densely dashed] (3.5,4.5) .. controls (4,4.5) and (4,4.5) .. (4,5);
node[anchor=center] at (2,-0.5) {dilute weak acid};
end{scope}
draw[fill=black!10] (0,-1) circle (0.15) node[right=0.1cm] {Unionised};
draw (0,-1.5) circle (0.15) node[anchor=center] {$+$} node[right=0.1cm] {Positive Ion};
draw (0,-2) circle (0.15) node[anchor=center] {$-$} node[right=0.1cm] {Negative Ion};
end{tikzpicture}
vspace{-2cm}
caption{Concentrated and dilute solutions of weak and strong acids}
end{figure}
end{document}
answered Dec 16 at 13:20
marmot
85k495179
I may have misunderstood something, but is the only thing that was changed was the addition of an ion style. I can't see where the cahnge was made to prevent the resetting of the list? I like to understand the code before I use it
– sab hoque
Dec 16 at 14:04
2
@sabhoque No, the original code hasxdefxlist{4}xdefylist{4}part offillrandomly. This resets the collision list, i.e. the list of previous positions of ions. Whenever a new ion is placed,fillrandomlychecks if the would-be ion overlaps with one of the previous ones. If not, the ion is drawn. All I did was not to reset the list automatically. So in the first example the+ions also know where the-ions were. I only reset the list when I switch to the next container. Theionstyle allows you to draw the shaded circles withfillrandomly, too.
– marmot
Dec 16 at 14:09
add a comment |
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1 Answer
1
active
oldest
votes
1 Answer
1
active
oldest
votes
active
oldest
votes
active
oldest
votes
6
It is clear why this happens: you draw two or more independent samples, so if you say e.g.
fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{12}{$-$}
fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{12}{$+$}
the + ions do not know about the - ones. But it is very simple to fix it. Just make the reset of the collision list not part of the fillrandomly, but do it whenever you start a new group. That is, I redefined fillrandomly such that it does not reset the collision list, and added a command resetlists that issues the reset. I also defined an ion style that gets changed along the way such that one can add the filled ions.
documentclass{article}
usepackage{tikz}
usepackage[margin=0.5in]{geometry}
newcommand{resetlists}{xdefxlist{4}xdefylist{4}}
newcommand{fillrandomly}[5]{
pgfmathsetmacrodiametersqr{(#3*2)^2}
foreach i in {1,...,#4}{
foreach k in {1,...,20}{
pgfmathsetmacrox{rnd*#1}
pgfmathsetmacroy{rnd*#2}
xdefcollision{0}
foreach element [count=i] in xlist{
pgfmathtruncatemacroj{i-1}
pgfmathsetmacrocheckdistancesqr{ ( ({xlist}[j]-(x))^2 + ({ylist}[j]-(y))^2 ) }
ifdimcheckdistancesqr pt<diametersqr pt
xdefcollision{1}
breakforeach
fi
}
ifnumcollision=0
xdefxlist{xlist,x}
xdefylist{ylist,y}
draw[ion] (x,y) circle [radius=#3] node[anchor=center] {#5};
breakforeach
fi
}
}
}
begin{document}
begin{figure}
begin{tikzpicture}
begin{scope}[xshift=0.2cm,yshift=0.2cm]
resetlists
tikzset{ion/.style={}}
fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{12}{$-$}
fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{12}{$+$}
end{scope}
draw (0,5) -- (0,1);
draw (0,1) .. controls (0,0) and (0,0) .. (1,0);
draw (1,0) -- (3,0);
draw (3,0) .. controls (4,0) and (4,0) .. (4,1);
draw (4,1) -- (4,5);
draw[densely dashed] (0,5) .. controls (0,4.5) and (0,4.5) .. (0.5,4.5);
draw[densely dashed] (0.5,4.5) -- (3.5,4.5);
draw[densely dashed] (3.5,4.5) .. controls (4,4.5) and (4,4.5) .. (4,5);
node[anchor=center] at (2,-0.5) {concentrated strong acid};
% 2
begin{scope}[xshift=5cm]
foreach X in {1,...,3}
{draw (2+1.8*rand,2+1.9*rand) circle (0.15) node[anchor=center] {$+$};
draw (2+1.8*rand,2+1.9*rand) circle (0.15) node[anchor=center] {$-$};}
draw (0,5) -- (0,1);
draw (0,1) .. controls (0,0) and (0,0) .. (1,0);
draw (1,0) -- (3,0);
draw (3,0) .. controls (4,0) and (4,0) .. (4,1);
draw (4,1) -- (4,5);
draw[densely dashed] (0,5) .. controls (0,4.5) and (0,4.5) .. (0.5,4.5);
draw[densely dashed] (0.5,4.5) -- (3.5,4.5);
draw[densely dashed] (3.5,4.5) .. controls (4,4.5) and (4,4.5) .. (4,5);
node[anchor=center] at (2,-0.5) {dilute strong acid};
end{scope}
% 3
begin{scope}[xshift=10cm]
begin{scope}[xshift=0.2cm,yshift=0.2cm]
resetlists
tikzset{ion/.style={}}
fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{8}{$-$}
fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{8}{$+$}
tikzset{ion/.style={fill=black!10}}
fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{8}{}
end{scope}
draw (0,5) -- (0,1);
draw (0,1) .. controls (0,0) and (0,0) .. (1,0);
draw (1,0) -- (3,0);
draw (3,0) .. controls (4,0) and (4,0) .. (4,1);
draw (4,1) -- (4,5);
draw[densely dashed] (0,5) .. controls (0,4.5) and (0,4.5) .. (0.5,4.5);
draw[densely dashed] (0.5,4.5) -- (3.5,4.5);
draw[densely dashed] (3.5,4.5) .. controls (4,4.5) and (4,4.5) .. (4,5);
node[anchor=center] at (2,-0.5) {concentrated weak acid};
end{scope}
%4
begin{scope}[xshift=15cm]
begin{scope}[xshift=0.2cm,yshift=0.2cm]
resetlists
tikzset{ion/.style={}}
fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{2}{$-$}
fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{2}{$+$}
tikzset{ion/.style={fill=black!10}}
fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{1}{}
end{scope}
draw (0,5) -- (0,1);
draw (0,1) .. controls (0,0) and (0,0) .. (1,0);
draw (1,0) -- (3,0);
draw (3,0) .. controls (4,0) and (4,0) .. (4,1);
draw (4,1) -- (4,5);
draw[densely dashed] (0,5) .. controls (0,4.5) and (0,4.5) .. (0.5,4.5);
draw[densely dashed] (0.5,4.5) -- (3.5,4.5);
draw[densely dashed] (3.5,4.5) .. controls (4,4.5) and (4,4.5) .. (4,5);
node[anchor=center] at (2,-0.5) {dilute weak acid};
end{scope}
draw[fill=black!10] (0,-1) circle (0.15) node[right=0.1cm] {Unionised};
draw (0,-1.5) circle (0.15) node[anchor=center] {$+$} node[right=0.1cm] {Positive Ion};
draw (0,-2) circle (0.15) node[anchor=center] {$-$} node[right=0.1cm] {Negative Ion};
end{tikzpicture}
vspace{-2cm}
caption{Concentrated and dilute solutions of weak and strong acids}
end{figure}
end{document}
answered Dec 16 at 13:20
marmot
85k495179
I may have misunderstood something, but is the only thing that was changed was the addition of an ion style. I can't see where the cahnge was made to prevent the resetting of the list? I like to understand the code before I use it
– sab hoque
Dec 16 at 14:04
2
@sabhoque No, the original code hasxdefxlist{4}xdefylist{4}part offillrandomly. This resets the collision list, i.e. the list of previous positions of ions. Whenever a new ion is placed,fillrandomlychecks if the would-be ion overlaps with one of the previous ones. If not, the ion is drawn. All I did was not to reset the list automatically. So in the first example the+ions also know where the-ions were. I only reset the list when I switch to the next container. Theionstyle allows you to draw the shaded circles withfillrandomly, too.
– marmot
Dec 16 at 14:09
add a comment |
6
It is clear why this happens: you draw two or more independent samples, so if you say e.g.
fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{12}{$-$}
fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{12}{$+$}
the + ions do not know about the - ones. But it is very simple to fix it. Just make the reset of the collision list not part of the fillrandomly, but do it whenever you start a new group. That is, I redefined fillrandomly such that it does not reset the collision list, and added a command resetlists that issues the reset. I also defined an ion style that gets changed along the way such that one can add the filled ions.
documentclass{article}
usepackage{tikz}
usepackage[margin=0.5in]{geometry}
newcommand{resetlists}{xdefxlist{4}xdefylist{4}}
newcommand{fillrandomly}[5]{
pgfmathsetmacrodiametersqr{(#3*2)^2}
foreach i in {1,...,#4}{
foreach k in {1,...,20}{
pgfmathsetmacrox{rnd*#1}
pgfmathsetmacroy{rnd*#2}
xdefcollision{0}
foreach element [count=i] in xlist{
pgfmathtruncatemacroj{i-1}
pgfmathsetmacrocheckdistancesqr{ ( ({xlist}[j]-(x))^2 + ({ylist}[j]-(y))^2 ) }
ifdimcheckdistancesqr pt<diametersqr pt
xdefcollision{1}
breakforeach
fi
}
ifnumcollision=0
xdefxlist{xlist,x}
xdefylist{ylist,y}
draw[ion] (x,y) circle [radius=#3] node[anchor=center] {#5};
breakforeach
fi
}
}
}
begin{document}
begin{figure}
begin{tikzpicture}
begin{scope}[xshift=0.2cm,yshift=0.2cm]
resetlists
tikzset{ion/.style={}}
fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{12}{$-$}
fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{12}{$+$}
end{scope}
draw (0,5) -- (0,1);
draw (0,1) .. controls (0,0) and (0,0) .. (1,0);
draw (1,0) -- (3,0);
draw (3,0) .. controls (4,0) and (4,0) .. (4,1);
draw (4,1) -- (4,5);
draw[densely dashed] (0,5) .. controls (0,4.5) and (0,4.5) .. (0.5,4.5);
draw[densely dashed] (0.5,4.5) -- (3.5,4.5);
draw[densely dashed] (3.5,4.5) .. controls (4,4.5) and (4,4.5) .. (4,5);
node[anchor=center] at (2,-0.5) {concentrated strong acid};
% 2
begin{scope}[xshift=5cm]
foreach X in {1,...,3}
{draw (2+1.8*rand,2+1.9*rand) circle (0.15) node[anchor=center] {$+$};
draw (2+1.8*rand,2+1.9*rand) circle (0.15) node[anchor=center] {$-$};}
draw (0,5) -- (0,1);
draw (0,1) .. controls (0,0) and (0,0) .. (1,0);
draw (1,0) -- (3,0);
draw (3,0) .. controls (4,0) and (4,0) .. (4,1);
draw (4,1) -- (4,5);
draw[densely dashed] (0,5) .. controls (0,4.5) and (0,4.5) .. (0.5,4.5);
draw[densely dashed] (0.5,4.5) -- (3.5,4.5);
draw[densely dashed] (3.5,4.5) .. controls (4,4.5) and (4,4.5) .. (4,5);
node[anchor=center] at (2,-0.5) {dilute strong acid};
end{scope}
% 3
begin{scope}[xshift=10cm]
begin{scope}[xshift=0.2cm,yshift=0.2cm]
resetlists
tikzset{ion/.style={}}
fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{8}{$-$}
fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{8}{$+$}
tikzset{ion/.style={fill=black!10}}
fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{8}{}
end{scope}
draw (0,5) -- (0,1);
draw (0,1) .. controls (0,0) and (0,0) .. (1,0);
draw (1,0) -- (3,0);
draw (3,0) .. controls (4,0) and (4,0) .. (4,1);
draw (4,1) -- (4,5);
draw[densely dashed] (0,5) .. controls (0,4.5) and (0,4.5) .. (0.5,4.5);
draw[densely dashed] (0.5,4.5) -- (3.5,4.5);
draw[densely dashed] (3.5,4.5) .. controls (4,4.5) and (4,4.5) .. (4,5);
node[anchor=center] at (2,-0.5) {concentrated weak acid};
end{scope}
%4
begin{scope}[xshift=15cm]
begin{scope}[xshift=0.2cm,yshift=0.2cm]
resetlists
tikzset{ion/.style={}}
fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{2}{$-$}
fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{2}{$+$}
tikzset{ion/.style={fill=black!10}}
fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{1}{}
end{scope}
draw (0,5) -- (0,1);
draw (0,1) .. controls (0,0) and (0,0) .. (1,0);
draw (1,0) -- (3,0);
draw (3,0) .. controls (4,0) and (4,0) .. (4,1);
draw (4,1) -- (4,5);
draw[densely dashed] (0,5) .. controls (0,4.5) and (0,4.5) .. (0.5,4.5);
draw[densely dashed] (0.5,4.5) -- (3.5,4.5);
draw[densely dashed] (3.5,4.5) .. controls (4,4.5) and (4,4.5) .. (4,5);
node[anchor=center] at (2,-0.5) {dilute weak acid};
end{scope}
draw[fill=black!10] (0,-1) circle (0.15) node[right=0.1cm] {Unionised};
draw (0,-1.5) circle (0.15) node[anchor=center] {$+$} node[right=0.1cm] {Positive Ion};
draw (0,-2) circle (0.15) node[anchor=center] {$-$} node[right=0.1cm] {Negative Ion};
end{tikzpicture}
vspace{-2cm}
caption{Concentrated and dilute solutions of weak and strong acids}
end{figure}
end{document}
answered Dec 16 at 13:20
marmot
85k495179
I may have misunderstood something, but is the only thing that was changed was the addition of an ion style. I can't see where the cahnge was made to prevent the resetting of the list? I like to understand the code before I use it
– sab hoque
Dec 16 at 14:04
2
@sabhoque No, the original code hasxdefxlist{4}xdefylist{4}part offillrandomly. This resets the collision list, i.e. the list of previous positions of ions. Whenever a new ion is placed,fillrandomlychecks if the would-be ion overlaps with one of the previous ones. If not, the ion is drawn. All I did was not to reset the list automatically. So in the first example the+ions also know where the-ions were. I only reset the list when I switch to the next container. Theionstyle allows you to draw the shaded circles withfillrandomly, too.
– marmot
Dec 16 at 14:09
add a comment |
6
6
6
It is clear why this happens: you draw two or more independent samples, so if you say e.g.
fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{12}{$-$}
fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{12}{$+$}
the + ions do not know about the - ones. But it is very simple to fix it. Just make the reset of the collision list not part of the fillrandomly, but do it whenever you start a new group. That is, I redefined fillrandomly such that it does not reset the collision list, and added a command resetlists that issues the reset. I also defined an ion style that gets changed along the way such that one can add the filled ions.
documentclass{article}
usepackage{tikz}
usepackage[margin=0.5in]{geometry}
newcommand{resetlists}{xdefxlist{4}xdefylist{4}}
newcommand{fillrandomly}[5]{
pgfmathsetmacrodiametersqr{(#3*2)^2}
foreach i in {1,...,#4}{
foreach k in {1,...,20}{
pgfmathsetmacrox{rnd*#1}
pgfmathsetmacroy{rnd*#2}
xdefcollision{0}
foreach element [count=i] in xlist{
pgfmathtruncatemacroj{i-1}
pgfmathsetmacrocheckdistancesqr{ ( ({xlist}[j]-(x))^2 + ({ylist}[j]-(y))^2 ) }
ifdimcheckdistancesqr pt<diametersqr pt
xdefcollision{1}
breakforeach
fi
}
ifnumcollision=0
xdefxlist{xlist,x}
xdefylist{ylist,y}
draw[ion] (x,y) circle [radius=#3] node[anchor=center] {#5};
breakforeach
fi
}
}
}
begin{document}
begin{figure}
begin{tikzpicture}
begin{scope}[xshift=0.2cm,yshift=0.2cm]
resetlists
tikzset{ion/.style={}}
fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{12}{$-$}
fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{12}{$+$}
end{scope}
draw (0,5) -- (0,1);
draw (0,1) .. controls (0,0) and (0,0) .. (1,0);
draw (1,0) -- (3,0);
draw (3,0) .. controls (4,0) and (4,0) .. (4,1);
draw (4,1) -- (4,5);
draw[densely dashed] (0,5) .. controls (0,4.5) and (0,4.5) .. (0.5,4.5);
draw[densely dashed] (0.5,4.5) -- (3.5,4.5);
draw[densely dashed] (3.5,4.5) .. controls (4,4.5) and (4,4.5) .. (4,5);
node[anchor=center] at (2,-0.5) {concentrated strong acid};
% 2
begin{scope}[xshift=5cm]
foreach X in {1,...,3}
{draw (2+1.8*rand,2+1.9*rand) circle (0.15) node[anchor=center] {$+$};
draw (2+1.8*rand,2+1.9*rand) circle (0.15) node[anchor=center] {$-$};}
draw (0,5) -- (0,1);
draw (0,1) .. controls (0,0) and (0,0) .. (1,0);
draw (1,0) -- (3,0);
draw (3,0) .. controls (4,0) and (4,0) .. (4,1);
draw (4,1) -- (4,5);
draw[densely dashed] (0,5) .. controls (0,4.5) and (0,4.5) .. (0.5,4.5);
draw[densely dashed] (0.5,4.5) -- (3.5,4.5);
draw[densely dashed] (3.5,4.5) .. controls (4,4.5) and (4,4.5) .. (4,5);
node[anchor=center] at (2,-0.5) {dilute strong acid};
end{scope}
% 3
begin{scope}[xshift=10cm]
begin{scope}[xshift=0.2cm,yshift=0.2cm]
resetlists
tikzset{ion/.style={}}
fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{8}{$-$}
fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{8}{$+$}
tikzset{ion/.style={fill=black!10}}
fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{8}{}
end{scope}
draw (0,5) -- (0,1);
draw (0,1) .. controls (0,0) and (0,0) .. (1,0);
draw (1,0) -- (3,0);
draw (3,0) .. controls (4,0) and (4,0) .. (4,1);
draw (4,1) -- (4,5);
draw[densely dashed] (0,5) .. controls (0,4.5) and (0,4.5) .. (0.5,4.5);
draw[densely dashed] (0.5,4.5) -- (3.5,4.5);
draw[densely dashed] (3.5,4.5) .. controls (4,4.5) and (4,4.5) .. (4,5);
node[anchor=center] at (2,-0.5) {concentrated weak acid};
end{scope}
%4
begin{scope}[xshift=15cm]
begin{scope}[xshift=0.2cm,yshift=0.2cm]
resetlists
tikzset{ion/.style={}}
fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{2}{$-$}
fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{2}{$+$}
tikzset{ion/.style={fill=black!10}}
fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{1}{}
end{scope}
draw (0,5) -- (0,1);
draw (0,1) .. controls (0,0) and (0,0) .. (1,0);
draw (1,0) -- (3,0);
draw (3,0) .. controls (4,0) and (4,0) .. (4,1);
draw (4,1) -- (4,5);
draw[densely dashed] (0,5) .. controls (0,4.5) and (0,4.5) .. (0.5,4.5);
draw[densely dashed] (0.5,4.5) -- (3.5,4.5);
draw[densely dashed] (3.5,4.5) .. controls (4,4.5) and (4,4.5) .. (4,5);
node[anchor=center] at (2,-0.5) {dilute weak acid};
end{scope}
draw[fill=black!10] (0,-1) circle (0.15) node[right=0.1cm] {Unionised};
draw (0,-1.5) circle (0.15) node[anchor=center] {$+$} node[right=0.1cm] {Positive Ion};
draw (0,-2) circle (0.15) node[anchor=center] {$-$} node[right=0.1cm] {Negative Ion};
end{tikzpicture}
vspace{-2cm}
caption{Concentrated and dilute solutions of weak and strong acids}
end{figure}
end{document}
answered Dec 16 at 13:20
marmot
85k495179
It is clear why this happens: you draw two or more independent samples, so if you say e.g.
fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{12}{$-$}
fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{12}{$+$}
the + ions do not know about the - ones. But it is very simple to fix it. Just make the reset of the collision list not part of the fillrandomly, but do it whenever you start a new group. That is, I redefined fillrandomly such that it does not reset the collision list, and added a command resetlists that issues the reset. I also defined an ion style that gets changed along the way such that one can add the filled ions.
documentclass{article}
usepackage{tikz}
usepackage[margin=0.5in]{geometry}
newcommand{resetlists}{xdefxlist{4}xdefylist{4}}
newcommand{fillrandomly}[5]{
pgfmathsetmacrodiametersqr{(#3*2)^2}
foreach i in {1,...,#4}{
foreach k in {1,...,20}{
pgfmathsetmacrox{rnd*#1}
pgfmathsetmacroy{rnd*#2}
xdefcollision{0}
foreach element [count=i] in xlist{
pgfmathtruncatemacroj{i-1}
pgfmathsetmacrocheckdistancesqr{ ( ({xlist}[j]-(x))^2 + ({ylist}[j]-(y))^2 ) }
ifdimcheckdistancesqr pt<diametersqr pt
xdefcollision{1}
breakforeach
fi
}
ifnumcollision=0
xdefxlist{xlist,x}
xdefylist{ylist,y}
draw[ion] (x,y) circle [radius=#3] node[anchor=center] {#5};
breakforeach
fi
}
}
}
begin{document}
begin{figure}
begin{tikzpicture}
begin{scope}[xshift=0.2cm,yshift=0.2cm]
resetlists
tikzset{ion/.style={}}
fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{12}{$-$}
fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{12}{$+$}
end{scope}
draw (0,5) -- (0,1);
draw (0,1) .. controls (0,0) and (0,0) .. (1,0);
draw (1,0) -- (3,0);
draw (3,0) .. controls (4,0) and (4,0) .. (4,1);
draw (4,1) -- (4,5);
draw[densely dashed] (0,5) .. controls (0,4.5) and (0,4.5) .. (0.5,4.5);
draw[densely dashed] (0.5,4.5) -- (3.5,4.5);
draw[densely dashed] (3.5,4.5) .. controls (4,4.5) and (4,4.5) .. (4,5);
node[anchor=center] at (2,-0.5) {concentrated strong acid};
% 2
begin{scope}[xshift=5cm]
foreach X in {1,...,3}
{draw (2+1.8*rand,2+1.9*rand) circle (0.15) node[anchor=center] {$+$};
draw (2+1.8*rand,2+1.9*rand) circle (0.15) node[anchor=center] {$-$};}
draw (0,5) -- (0,1);
draw (0,1) .. controls (0,0) and (0,0) .. (1,0);
draw (1,0) -- (3,0);
draw (3,0) .. controls (4,0) and (4,0) .. (4,1);
draw (4,1) -- (4,5);
draw[densely dashed] (0,5) .. controls (0,4.5) and (0,4.5) .. (0.5,4.5);
draw[densely dashed] (0.5,4.5) -- (3.5,4.5);
draw[densely dashed] (3.5,4.5) .. controls (4,4.5) and (4,4.5) .. (4,5);
node[anchor=center] at (2,-0.5) {dilute strong acid};
end{scope}
% 3
begin{scope}[xshift=10cm]
begin{scope}[xshift=0.2cm,yshift=0.2cm]
resetlists
tikzset{ion/.style={}}
fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{8}{$-$}
fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{8}{$+$}
tikzset{ion/.style={fill=black!10}}
fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{8}{}
end{scope}
draw (0,5) -- (0,1);
draw (0,1) .. controls (0,0) and (0,0) .. (1,0);
draw (1,0) -- (3,0);
draw (3,0) .. controls (4,0) and (4,0) .. (4,1);
draw (4,1) -- (4,5);
draw[densely dashed] (0,5) .. controls (0,4.5) and (0,4.5) .. (0.5,4.5);
draw[densely dashed] (0.5,4.5) -- (3.5,4.5);
draw[densely dashed] (3.5,4.5) .. controls (4,4.5) and (4,4.5) .. (4,5);
node[anchor=center] at (2,-0.5) {concentrated weak acid};
end{scope}
%4
begin{scope}[xshift=15cm]
begin{scope}[xshift=0.2cm,yshift=0.2cm]
resetlists
tikzset{ion/.style={}}
fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{2}{$-$}
fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{2}{$+$}
tikzset{ion/.style={fill=black!10}}
fillrandomly{3.6}{3.8}{0.15}{1}{}
end{scope}
draw (0,5) -- (0,1);
draw (0,1) .. controls (0,0) and (0,0) .. (1,0);
draw (1,0) -- (3,0);
draw (3,0) .. controls (4,0) and (4,0) .. (4,1);
draw (4,1) -- (4,5);
draw[densely dashed] (0,5) .. controls (0,4.5) and (0,4.5) .. (0.5,4.5);
draw[densely dashed] (0.5,4.5) -- (3.5,4.5);
draw[densely dashed] (3.5,4.5) .. controls (4,4.5) and (4,4.5) .. (4,5);
node[anchor=center] at (2,-0.5) {dilute weak acid};
end{scope}
draw[fill=black!10] (0,-1) circle (0.15) node[right=0.1cm] {Unionised};
draw (0,-1.5) circle (0.15) node[anchor=center] {$+$} node[right=0.1cm] {Positive Ion};
draw (0,-2) circle (0.15) node[anchor=center] {$-$} node[right=0.1cm] {Negative Ion};
end{tikzpicture}
vspace{-2cm}
caption{Concentrated and dilute solutions of weak and strong acids}
end{figure}
end{document}
answered Dec 16 at 13:20
marmot
85k495179
answered Dec 16 at 13:20
marmot
85k495179
answered Dec 16 at 13:20
marmot
85k495179
answered Dec 16 at 13:20
marmot
85k495179
85k495179
I may have misunderstood something, but is the only thing that was changed was the addition of an ion style. I can't see where the cahnge was made to prevent the resetting of the list? I like to understand the code before I use it
– sab hoque
Dec 16 at 14:04
2
@sabhoque No, the original code hasxdefxlist{4}xdefylist{4}part offillrandomly. This resets the collision list, i.e. the list of previous positions of ions. Whenever a new ion is placed,fillrandomlychecks if the would-be ion overlaps with one of the previous ones. If not, the ion is drawn. All I did was not to reset the list automatically. So in the first example the+ions also know where the-ions were. I only reset the list when I switch to the next container. Theionstyle allows you to draw the shaded circles withfillrandomly, too.
– marmot
Dec 16 at 14:09
add a comment |
I may have misunderstood something, but is the only thing that was changed was the addition of an ion style. I can't see where the cahnge was made to prevent the resetting of the list? I like to understand the code before I use it
– sab hoque
Dec 16 at 14:04
2
@sabhoque No, the original code hasxdefxlist{4}xdefylist{4}part offillrandomly. This resets the collision list, i.e. the list of previous positions of ions. Whenever a new ion is placed,fillrandomlychecks if the would-be ion overlaps with one of the previous ones. If not, the ion is drawn. All I did was not to reset the list automatically. So in the first example the+ions also know where the-ions were. I only reset the list when I switch to the next container. Theionstyle allows you to draw the shaded circles withfillrandomly, too.
– marmot
Dec 16 at 14:09
I may have misunderstood something, but is the only thing that was changed was the addition of an ion style. I can't see where the cahnge was made to prevent the resetting of the list? I like to understand the code before I use it
– sab hoque
Dec 16 at 14:04
I may have misunderstood something, but is the only thing that was changed was the addition of an ion style. I can't see where the cahnge was made to prevent the resetting of the list? I like to understand the code before I use it
– sab hoque
Dec 16 at 14:04
2
2
@sabhoque No, the original code has
xdefxlist{4}xdefylist{4} part of fillrandomly. This resets the collision list, i.e. the list of previous positions of ions. Whenever a new ion is placed, fillrandomly checks if the would-be ion overlaps with one of the previous ones. If not, the ion is drawn. All I did was not to reset the list automatically. So in the first example the + ions also know where the - ions were. I only reset the list when I switch to the next container. The ion style allows you to draw the shaded circles with fillrandomly, too.– marmot
Dec 16 at 14:09
@sabhoque No, the original code has
xdefxlist{4}xdefylist{4} part of fillrandomly. This resets the collision list, i.e. the list of previous positions of ions. Whenever a new ion is placed, fillrandomly checks if the would-be ion overlaps with one of the previous ones. If not, the ion is drawn. All I did was not to reset the list automatically. So in the first example the + ions also know where the - ions were. I only reset the list when I switch to the next container. The ion style allows you to draw the shaded circles with fillrandomly, too.– marmot
Dec 16 at 14:09
add a comment |
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Lualatex ok?...
– JPi
Dec 16 at 12:23
Sorry I prefer XeLaTeX, forgot to mention
– sab hoque
Dec 16 at 12:23